Career Clusters

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Acting ? This section features Acting as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Acting is a profession that calls out to a person. Stories of the hardships and struggles an acting career entails can never dampen the enthusiasm of the true actor. Such a person has to be in front of an audience and just cant be happy doing anything else. Acting is not just an intensely competitive field;it is the profession in which the demand is really in significant in proportion to the supply. Luck of all kinds plays a major role in establishing a person in this profession. To be known to the right agent/producer/director/talent scout at the right time under favourable circumstances is as important as being talented.

Personality Traits:

Outstanding acting talent with a stage personality is a natural pre-requisite. Other important attributes are good health, an iron constitution, innate grace, coordinated movements with a good sense of rhythm, preferably an aptitude for dancing and singing, a good, well modulated voice with proper diction and intonation, an arresting countenance rather than beauty or balance of features, the ability to learn lines quickly and a good memory, a high degree of imagination and sensitivity to get the feel of a role and to interpret it, versatility, abundant self-confidence, lots of energy, unbounded enthusiasm and optimism, resilience to bounce back from trying times and the harsh criticism from colleagues, producers, directors, mentors and critics.

Entry Requirements:

Entry into the profession is through various channels.

Modelling is a popular mode of entry into the acting world. Many of our actors and actresses have gained entry into film and television work by being noticed on the modelling scene. The requirements of modelling and acting are not really identical but the element of a stage personality, a good sense of rhythm, being photogenic, an arresting face and figure, poise and professionalism are noticeable and important traits which lead to offers of acting assignments.

Courses/Training:

There are no formal education requirements to become an actor but a bachelor’s degree in theater arts, drama, acting and performing, may be helpful in learning technical skills. Experience is of great importance in this career, as experience leads to bigger and higher paying roles.

• Complete exposure, training and education in acting are possible through degree/diploma courses in drama/acting available in the country in many important universities and institutes.
• Certificate Course In Acting Duration: 6 months or Diploma in Acting

Colleges:

• Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune
• Barry John Acting Studio, Mumbai
• National School of Drama (NSD), New Delhi
• Anupam Kher’s Actor Prepares, Mumbai
• AAFT (Noida, Mumbai, Kolkata and New Delhi)
• Whistling Woods International, Mumbai
• R K Films & Media Academy, New Delhi
• ZIMA, Mumbai
• Delhi Film Institute, New Delhi
• CRAFT, New Delhi

Placements & Prospects:

Prospects are not very bright except for the exceptionally talented and lucky few. The sudden invasion of the satellite television network, however, has widened opportunities significantly. Our film industry is also very big one. Recently there has been a noticeable revival of interest in theatre too.

Innumerable opportunities exist but the number of aspirants is high and there are very few who are well established and have carved out a niche for themselves in the profession. The range of fees charged out a niche for themselves in the profession. The range of fees is so wide, and good luck and timing are so important that there is little point in trying to give an idea of salaries.

Many of our actors and actresses who could or could not become big names have diversified from acting to doing compering for shows, contests, awards ceremonies, anchoring and hosting television shows and film oriented entertainment programmes as well as anchoring even educational programmes and have been highly successful and popular.

Challenges:

A number of things, such as stage fright (if you are a theatre actor), but sometimes all the lights, cameras and people on set can be pretty intimidating too. It is difficult, if you are an actor who takes on a lot of roles, to constantly be changing into someone else.

Other challenges are that it is not any easy business, It is not easy to get jobs, or to keep them. You have to have the right look for a part, the right personality, charisma, etc. Directors and producers can also be very hard on actors. You have to always wear and do what the director tells you to- it can be hard!

• Rolls that are very demanding and hard to do.
• Make up that takes longer time (seating’s of 3 to 4 hour to do make up and masks.)
• Acting challenges such as doing the right thing in the right time every time
• Remember the sometimes tough to remember scripts filled with words impossible to remember.
• Trying to do something that you absolutely not can or want to do but are asked to do
• Long hours, working late at night etc.
• Rejections
• Being in limelight always

Remuneration:

It depends upon which field you have chosen and how successful you are and which country you are working in.

Some of Bollywood’s top actors and actresses get paid as much as 5 crore rupees. Actors who are not yet established can earn as little as Rs. 20,000 per month, but since most actors get paid per project, earnings may fluctuate.

The average annual salary of an actor in the United States is $51,000. However, established actors earn tens of millions of dollars a year and the earning potential is enormous.

Useful links:

http://plancareer.org/en/career/9/1167/actor-career-option-and-requirements.html

http://www.shiksha.com/mass-communication-media/film-tv/articles/top-10-acting-schools-in-india-blogId-8822

Bibliography:

Indicareer.com. (2017). Acting, Acting Courses, Qualification for Acting. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/Acting/India-Career-Acting.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Study.com. (2017). Acting Career Information: Becoming an Actor or Actress. [online] Available at: http://study.com/articles/Acting_Career_Information_Becoming_an_Actor_or_Actress.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

https://www.shiksha.com/. (2017). Top 10 acting schools in India | Shiksha. [online] Available at: https://www.shiksha.com/mass-communication-media/film-tv/articles/top-10-acting-schools-in-india-blogId-8822 [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Answers.yahoo.com. (2017). What challenges does an actress/actor face?. [online] Available at: https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090908031800AAaY89p [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Plancareer.org. (2017). Actor Career requirements, Job Details, Salary Prospects | Plancareer.org. [online] Available at: http://plancareer.org/en/career/9/1167/actor-career-option-and-requirements.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Advertising ? This section features Advertising as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Advertising aims to turn the good opinion of a target prospect towards a specific product or service (such as airline, banking) or a film, may be even a political party. In the absence of competition this task would be very easy and convenient. In reality this is just not the case. At the very point of time when one advertising agency is trying to capture the attention of its target audience to its product, there are many such agencies trying the same thing with the audience and a similar product. In advertising therefore, beating the competition is the ongoing challenge.

Advertising is one of the aspects of mass communication. Advertising is the business of communicating a message to an audience through the media-newspapers, magazines, radio, television, hoardings in public places, etc. It helps to create demand, promote marketing system and boost economic growth. Thus advertising forms the basis of marketing.

Agencies plan and execute advertising campaigns on behalf of their clients. Time and space are bought from media owners-publishers of newspapers and magazines, poster and television/radio companies, which publish or transmit the advertisements.

Advertising offers jobs on the Executive side or the creative side. While the executive department deals with client servicing, media planning and market research, the creative department employs copywriters and visualises along with the scriptwriters, storyboard artists, typographers, etc.

The Executive Department:

Account executive have to understand all aspects of the clients business, plan the advertising campaign, coordinate work on the campaign with the client and the various specialists working on the campaign. They are responsible for allocation of funds to the various media, for keeping within the agreed budget, and for producing detailed progress reports.

Market research is carried out before planning a campaign in order to explore possible markets for the product. Facts are compiled about the products uses, its advantages and limitations, the competitors products, and an analysis is made of potential customers.

Media executives study newspaper circulation statistics television audience figures, statistics on income groups, buying habits etc. On the basis of this research they suggest the media through which the advertisement is most likely to reach the greatest number of potential buyers. They negotiate the buying of advertisement time and space.

The Creative Department:

Copywriters are expected to help create the advertising message. Armed with facts provided by the research department and by the client, copywriters spend a long time seeking just the right words to put across the message and create the desired image.

Scriptwriters have to plan and write television and radio commercials and for advertising films. Similar to a copywriters job, scriptwriters have to develop their ideas in terms of sound and visual possibilities.

Visualisers, also known as layout artists, work in conjunction with copywriters to give a graphic interpretation to an agreed campaign.

Usually agencies hire studios with professional film directors, editors and other specialists to produce the actual commercial.

Personality Traits:

The work at an advertising agency is extremely varied but much of it is sheer hard toil and less glamorous than it is often reputed to be. Life in this industry is like a rat race and a tough go-head personality counts for as much as, or even more, than talent.

Some personality traits are essential for all advertising personnel whether on the executives or the creative side. A creative visual imagination, good powers of observation, insight into the interest of people, to work from all walks of life, the ability to interact, patience and perseverance, and mental and physical toughness to be able to withstand high pressure and criticism.

Market and media researchers should have an analytical and logical brain.

Visualisers should possess exceptional artistic ability too. Copywriters should be able to possess a strong feeling foe words.

Courses/Training:

For jobs on the executive side of an advertising agency diploma/degree holders in mass communication / advertising / social communication are found suitable. These courses are usually of one year or two years duration and can be taken up only after graduation in any discipline. In these courses students rare taught marketing, media planning, graphics and group campaigns with all other aspects of advertising and public relations.

Students enrolled in a Bachelor of Science in Advertising program explore methods for learning what customers want and how to develop advertising campaigns that reach and persuade those populations. See common courses and job outlook.

MBA’s with specialisation in marketing also join the executive side. MBA courses can be taken up after graduation. They are usually of 2 years duration.

Postgraduates in statistics are suited for market research (quantitative) while postgraduates in sociology and psychology are preferred for qualitative market research.

Copywriters may be diploma holders in advertising. However, those who have a flair for words and can find the phrase or word which sums up others long-winded explanations should approach advertising agencies to appear for copy writing tests.

Colleges:

• Xavier Institute of Communication
• Amity School of Communication
• Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC)
• Apeejay Institute of Mass Communication
• Sri Aurobindo Centre for Arts and Communication,School of Arts
• University of Mumbai

Challenges:

• biggest challenge in getting people’s attention. Every day you need to do some thing innovative
• differentiate your product/service from the competition
• you are forced to spend more time and/or resources building brand in today’s market.

Placements & Prospects:

Nowhere in the world have consumers been so responsive to advertising as in India. Over the last 2 decades consumers have become more aware of advertising than ever before. Liberalisation of the economy, new products and services and proliferation of media have boosted the advertising industry in a big way.

In this scenario advertising professionals have no dearth of jobs and the remunerations depend on an individuals capability, the size of the agency and its volume of business. In today’s advertising clutter choosing the right media poses the biggest challenge. Media planning has emerged as the most potent tool that agencies are using to back up brilliant creative campaigns. Advertising professionals constitute the rare breed of strategic thinkers most sought after in this decade.

Fresh graduates can command a salary between INR 9,000 to INR 15,000, while those with an MBA start off with something between INR 15,000 to INR 20,000. Once you have a little experience, you will earn more than INR 30,000 depending on the ad agency you choose to work for. With promotions being linked to ability, luck and success, remunerations can multiply very fast for those with flair, creativity and go-getting instinct. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that individuals who worked as advertising and promotions managers earned an average income of $113,610 in May 2015 (www.bls.gov). The BLS also predicts that advertising, promotions, and marketing managers as a group will likely see a faster-than-average 9% employment growth between 2014 and 2024.

Bibliography:

Indicareer.com. (2017). Advertising, Advertising Career, Learn Advertising. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/advertising/advertising.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Questions, A. and Animation, M. (2017). What are the top 10 colleges for journalism and mass communication?. [online] CareerGuide. Available at: https://www.careerguide.com/ask/t/what-are-the-top-10-colleges-for-journalism-and-mass-communication [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Advertising, C. (2017). Career In Advertising – Colleges, Salary, Job Opportunities. [online] Indiaeducation.net. Available at: http://www.indiaeducation.net/careercenter/career-in-masscommunication/advertising/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option as a Beautician ? This section features Beautician> as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

This profession offers excellent scope for entrepreneurship. Beauticians may practice their skills in skin care, hair care, hair dressing, cosmetology, etc all at the same time, or specialise in one of these areas. Eventually, they can evolve their own formulations for skin care, hair care, etc. and market them to their clients.

Earning a good reputation from satisfied clients is very important in this profession. Beauticians may start as employees in a big beauty establishment before deciding to branch out on their own. Fully qualified beauty specialists use various types of electrical equipment/apparatus. While dealing with problems of their clients related to skin, scalp or hair they know when to deal with them on their own and when to advise their clients to see a doctor. They work to ensure the best results for their customers.

Beauticians give treatment ranging from simple make-up and facial, to massage; skin treatment such as open pores, anti-wrinkle; electric depilation; manicure; pedicure; hair styling, perming, colouring, treatment of hair problems. They also advise clients on the use of the right type of cosmetics suited to specific skin types and complexions, weather conditions, etc. and can help them to select the right hair style for their hair texture and lifestyle. Beauticians can help customers to decide on the right type of beauty treatment in the long term.

In the age of computers, beauticians have begun to use computers to demonstrate the effect or suitability of various hairstyles on clients to help them to decide upon the best ‘look’. A beauty parlour or salon is run by an owner/manager with a number of assistants. Beauticians should look fresh and well groomed always even though their work keeps them on their feet the whole day.

Personality Traits:

Liking for people, good health, stamina, good humour, helpful nature, friendliness, confident manner, tact, persuasive attitude, courtesy, imagination, systematic approach, cool, dry hands, an attractive well-groomed appearance, some artistic ability, dexterity and an unruffled manner help.

Courses/Training:

Polytechnics conduct diploma courses in beauty culture and hair dressing for students who have completed plus two or equivalent examinations successfully. These courses vary in duration from six months to two months. The longer duration courses are more comprehensive.

Established beauticians of national and international repute also conduct training programmes which are well recognised in the profession.

Fluency in English is a basic requirement for all these programmes. To succeed, a beautician should be able to speak well. Knowledge of the local language is also helpful. A foreign language is a great help in the bigger establishments attached to luxury hotels. Knowledge of elementary science is an asset.

The courses are divided between theory (anatomy, physiology, hygiene, some chemistry, nature of hair, hair dressing, salon organisation, electrical treatment) and the practical work of giving facials, make-up, different types of massage, tinting and bleaching of hair, etc. The best professional training in this field is available in the metropolitan and major cities in the country. After initial training many interested individuals go abroad for further training.

An important aspect of this profession is that an individual’s aptitude, interest and motivation are as important as, if not more than, the training programme itself.

Challenges:

The life of a beautician is not an easy one. You’re waxing, shaving, plucking, re-applying, soaking, wiping, massaging, circulating; and that’s before you’ve even left the house to get to work. Not only do you have to look your best, but you are also on a mission to make everyone else feel their best.

Placements & Prospects:

The beauty business is growing in volume at a fast pace. While many beauty specialists start off with a big establishment before branching out, many prefer to start off on their own and build their own clientele. Entrepreneurs would need to put in an initial investment to set up the basic infrastructure and facilities, purchase a few essential electrical instruments and get the formalities sorted out. Since the courses of training for beauticians include salon organisation this should not be difficult at all.

Knowledge of equipment and techniques has to be updated on an ongoing basis. Formulation of specialised beauty products, treatment packages, their manufacture and marketing have become important extensions of the beautician’s profession in which some have been noticeably successful.

The profession is open to men and women alike. Although small, the segment of grooming specialists for men is growing very fast.

Good grooming being an essential aspect of an attractive personality, beauty/grooming specialists today constitute a much sought after breed of professionals. Beauticians command very high fees for their specialised professional services and continue to be fully booked up. Smaller towns are today proud of their own beauty salons as well.

Remuneration: http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Industry=Hair_and_Beauty_Salon/Salary

Bibliography:

Indicareer.com. (2017). Beautician, Career in Beautician, Beautician Courses. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/Beautician/India-Career-Beautician.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Bleuth, E. and from Elliot, S. (2017). 12 Problems Only Beauticians Will Understand. [online] WhatCulture.com. Available at: http://whatculture.com/offbeat/12-problems-only-beauticians-will-understand [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Questions, A. and Art, D. (2017). What are related jobs available for Beautician?. [online] CareerGuide. Available at: https://www.careerguide.com/ask/t/what-are-related-jobs-available-for-beautician [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Cinematography, an integral element in the art of making motion pictures, literally refers to the combined art and science of using a moving image camera. It is the process of recording visual images for the cinema and subsequent development of recorded images in sophisticated photo laboratories. Cinematography comprises of all the processes beginning from the choice of lighting and camera until video and audio of a particular scene is recorded perfectly.

A person qualified in the art of cinematography is called Cinematographer or Director of Photography (DP). The Cinematographer is regarded as one of the most senior and important technician in the film creation process. The cinematographer is the person who actually plans and coordinates the actual filming of the movie. A cinematographer is the person responsible for turning the director’s creative vision into a production-feasible reality on screen. Being a creative designer, cinematographer translate the written text to meaningful images. In other words, what you see on screen looks the way it does because of the cinematographer.

Cinematographers work closely with the director and give a film its unique visual look and identity. They are responsible for composing each scene to be shot, decides lighting and camera angles as per director’s requirement. To succeed as a cinematographer one need to be creative, have a strong interest in cinema and the arts, as well as knowledge in design, and principles of photography. A course in Cinematography is essential to enter the field. Cinematographers primarily monitor the use of photographic and lighting equipment. They often have to work odd hours and travel to remote shooting sites, and may have to work in outdoor locations in stormy weather.

Cinematographers film movies and television shows, using cameras in various mounts.

Eligibility & Course Areas:

Educational: The minimum requirement for admission into a cinematography programme is plus two. After plus two one may go for various certificate and diploma courses in cinematography to acquire knowledge in the field. Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune; Satyajit Ray Film & Television Institute, Kolkata, Zee Institute of Media Arts and Whistling Woods International in Mumbai are some of the prominent institutes that conduct courses in Cinematography.

Course curriculum includes live shooting with digital cameras, exposure to advanced digital shooting technology and computer software’s for creating visual effects for individual shots, exposure to motion graphics, experience with live studios and so on.

Personal attributes:

More than the educational qualification, Cinematographers need an artistic vision good eyesight. A cinematographer must have the ability to work independently, as well as have the interpersonal skills required to work well under a director and over camera technicians. They have to be detail oriented, hardworking and passionate towards work. He should have a high sense of imagination and foresightedness. Good technical ability and knowledge of cameras and lenses is also essential for a Cinematographer to be successful. Expertise in computer animation and digital editing may also prove to be of great help.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

A career in Cinematography is suited for artistic people with good hand-eye coordination, passion for photography and lots of creativity. With the increase in the number of feature, advertisement & documentary film production companies, and new TV channels being launched every other day, Cinematographers have immense career opportunities.

Cinematographers play an important role in film production. They work in coordination with the director, right from the pre-production stage of planning a shoot. Often, a Cinematographer will be asked to work with the camera operators, lighting team and other production staff in a variety of roles to capture the script’s scene on film. In short, Cinematographer heads a crew which is required to provide the photographic images and visual effects conceptualized by the director for advertisement, feature, television and documentary films. As Cinematographers require to handle a huge crew, they are expected to know about most of the work processed during the shooting of the film. They are responsible for the selection of camera, lens, filter, and film stock. He is the one who has to give the final image to all the imaginary efforts of the director.

Earlier Cinematographers learned on the job by working as junior cameraman. But today, highly sophisticated cameras, lighting and special effects demand trained personal with sound theoretical and practical education. Cinematographers may specialize in movie making, television programs, documentaries, ad films etc. Most of them start their career and advance their skills through experience they gain while working with a senior Cinematographer as assistant. Once they prove their talent, they can freelance as an independent Cinematographer. But the road to fame is tough especially in films, and one has to have a lot of perseverance to succeed in the field.

Cinematographers can find employment with film production units, television or video industries, studios etc. in India as well as overseas. Earlier, films were the only avenue available to aspiring candidates. But now, with the coming up of various channels they have immense opportunities with production houses that make short films, documentaries and television serials. One can also freelance for advertising commercials and music videos.

Challenges:

• The long hours and late nights are defiantly one of the downsides into becoming a cinematographer. It is also a very physically demanding field to work in. Along with that, it is a very competitive industry, and thus can be hard to get the best jobs which might leave you settling for things you may not want to take on, just to pay your bills.
• Cinematography is a popular major in most colleges who offer the course, and so it is expected to get very competitive in the future. Experience and Seniority in the field often are imperative to get ahead of the competition. However, cinematographers are expected to enjoy stable employment prospects, thus making it an attractive industry to enter. Employment of Cinematographers is expected to increase 11 % between 2008 and 2018, according to December 2009 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics. This rate of growth is about average compared to other careers. This ensures that the competition remained fierce in this industry with new talent graduating every year and entering this field.

Remuneration:

Cinematography has become a well-paid career option, since the role of a cinematographer cannot be undermined, as he plays several roles in planning and coordinating a film. The salary for cinematographers varies based on the employer type, professional experience and location of the job.

Cinematographer’s earnings vary, depending upon location, experience, and employment specifics. In the United States, an average salary of $40,000 per annum is paid to a cinematographer; however there are also jobs which pay six digit salaries. Cinematographers tend to make more money working for motion pictures rather than working for the television industry.

Freelance cinematographers can earn anywhere between Rs.5,000-10,000 per day. Cinematographer working as an assistant can get between Rs.15,000 to Rs.20,000 per month. For those experienced hands sky is the limit. All this depends upon his creative skill and amount of success he gets commercially with his work

In India, a cinematographer who has just joined the industry is paid Rs. 84,000 – Rs. 96,000 per year. As the cinematographer becomes more experienced, his/her salary rises to Rs. 480,000 – Rs. 600,000 a year. The salary also depends upon the project on which the cinematographer is working on.

Useful Links: http://plancareer.org/en/career/9/1118/cinematographer-career-option-and-requirements.html

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Cinematography : Career Options | Media and Entertainment Careers in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/cinematography/intro.htm [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Allegiance-educare.in. (2017). Career As Cinematographer – Career Bank. [online] Available at: http://allegiance-educare.in/careerbank/career-as-cinematographer/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Plancareer.org. (2017). Cinematographer Career requirements, Job Details, Salary Prospects | Plancareer.org. [online] Available at: http://plancareer.org/en/career/9/1118/cinematographer-career-option-and-requirements.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/Is-cinemetography-a-good-career-And-what-is-the-basic-salary-I-am-from-India [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Salary/ Pay Scale for cinematographers in India | Careers Options in Cinematography. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/cinematography/remuneration.htm [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Communication Design ? This section features Communication Design as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Communication design is a specialised stream of design that is gaining visibility with the proliferation of the visual electronic media. It covers specialised disciplines that cater to television, catalogue illustration, animation film making, and video programming. Graphic design or graphic, animation film design and video programming may be considered as three basic disciplines within the purview of communication design.

Graphic design or graphics includes individual skills and techniques such as photography, lettering, typography, drawing as well as overall design, for packaging (both structure and surface), and for publicity (posters, display, trade marks, logos, letterheads). It also includes TV graphics used in captioning, programme tilting and illustration. Some courses may include film and TV work as specialisation areas. You need a thorough knowledge of printing processes and machinery and all of the packaging problems, methods and materials.

Animation film design deals with the technique of putting together a sequence of drawings, each slightly different from the preceding one, in such a way that when filmed and run through a projector, the figures see to move. This stream of communication design is used to make cartoon films for entertainment and advertising films. On computers animation film design is being extensively used today.

Video programming deals with video as the process of communication and the design takes care of various aspects of this major medium of communication. The video programmer takes care of everything from conceptualisation, scripting, direction, editing, cinematography, audiography, etc.

Personality Traits:

Communication designers must possess a vibrant imagination, creative drawing sill, interest in the social environment, prevailing tastes, needs and customs, perseverance, self confidence, the ability to visualise concepts and ideas, curiosity and exceptional talent.

Courses/Training:

Professional education and training in the field of communication design can be taken up after completion of the plus two or equivalent level of education. Entry to all the training programmes is based on the performance in the aptitude test.

Commercial art courses run by the various polytechnics all over the country are appropriate for entry into the field of graphic design. Such programmes at the polytechnics are usually of 2 years? of duration. Many universities /art colleges offer specialisation in commercial art/graphics in their Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) programmes. National Institute of Design (NID) at Ahmedabad offers a 4 year Graduate Diploma programme with specialisation in Communication Design. The details regarding admission are announced every year usually at October-November for the session of the following year. Admission to the programme is through scrutiny of application forms followed by admission tests and finally an interview/workshop at NID. While the admission test requires competence in mathematics, science, social sciences and related fields, the crucial aspect in this test is drawing skill. An important component of the admission test is devoted to the evaluation of the candidate?s sketching ability, perception of space, ability to judge proportions, colour sensitivity and other aspects related to art and design.

During the course of their training the students gain hands-agency-on-experience of working on an actual project in a commercial agency or a client project at NID. This exercise helps students in branching out on their own.

Among the higher education programmes are 2 ? years Postgraduate Diploma Programme in Design at NID and 2 years Master of Design at IIT, Mumbai. Admission at NID?s PG Diploma programme is through admission test usually through admission test usually in January while IIT Mumbai admits graduates into the 2 year Master of Design in Visual Communication Design through the Common Entrance Examination for Design. Bachelor?s degree in Engineering (any branch), Design, Architecture or equivalent; Interior Design Professional Diploma of CEPT (5 year) ; BFA (Professional course in Applied Art/Fine Arts) ; GD Art (5 year professional course) ; Professional Diploma of NID may appear for CEED (usually in February, announced in September) for admission to Master of Design (M.Des) programme at IIT, Mumbai.

NID?s P.G. Diploma Programme in Communication Design (specialisation in Graphic Design and Animation Film Design) is open to candidates with Bachelor?s degree in areas such as Fine Arts/Applied Arts/Architecture/allied while specialisation in Film & Video Communication is open to candidates with bachelor?s degree in humanities, arts or other graduates with proven proficiency or experience in visual and communication arts. NID offers specialisations such as New Media, Software & User Interface Design and Information & Digital Design under Communication Design for graduates in related disciplines.

Placements & Prospects:

Graphic designers have tremendous scope for employment in the advertising industry, in the publishing industry; e.g. book and magazine illustrations and so on. They find placement in the packaging industry, in designing motifs for use on all of a hotel?s airlines, firm?s equipment from cutlery to napkins to delivery van, liveries, uniform, letterheads, etc.

The animation film designer has wide scope for employment in advertising agencies, on television, or in studios producing children?s films, educational films/videos. The returns are lucrative whatever the area. Video programmers have never had it so good. The video has become a major medium of communication and offers a lot of scope to the freelancer.

Prospects in communication design are exceptionally bright for talented professionals who have the necessary drive. There is a lot of scope for freelancing and entrepreneurship.

Subdiscipline:

• Advertising
• Art director
• Animator
• Brand management
• Content strategy
• Copywriting
• Creative director
• Graphic designer
• Illustrator
• Industrial designer
• Information architecture
• Information graphics
• Instructional design
• Marketing communications
• Performing arts
• Presentation
• Technical writing
• Visual arts

Challenges:

• Design is extremely strenuous and comes with a lot of expectation which sometimes leads to criticism.
• What you earn depends on your passion and drive. A salary does not come easy.
• Constant competition is a driving force for betterment. However, it makes success difficult.

Remuneration:

Getting a job is usually the last thing on the minds of students studying Visual Designing courses since they sell like hot cakes. Most students get jobs through campus placements unless they choose not to work for anyone else except themselves.

Following are some of the companies which hire visual communication experts:

• Advertising Agencies – Saatchi & Saatchi, Ogilvy and Mather
• Publishing Houses – Scholastic, Arrow Books, etc.
• Film Production Houses
• Magazines like Femina, Outlook, India Today, Savvy, You & I, etc.
• Newspapers – Times of India, Deccan Chronicle, etc.
• Reliance, Nokia, Vodafone, Pantaloons, FabIndia, Zodiac,etc.

During your initial years as a designer, remuneration is fairly decent in comparison to other industries. The salary grows with experience and expertise. One can take up multiple design projects at one time, so your income isn’t restricted to a single source.

PACKAGE:

0-5 Years – 0.75 to 3 lakhs

6-10 Years – 4-6.5 lakhs

11-15 Years – 7-8.5 lakhs

15 + Years – 10 lakhs above

Bibliography:

Indicareer.com. (2017). Communication Design, Career in Communication Design, Communication Design Courses. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/Communication-Design/India-Career-Communication-Design.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Univariety.com. (2017). Univariety. [online] Available at: https://www.univariety.com/career/Visual-Communication/177b42b3 [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Few years back, planning and structural designing of complex buildings, machines etc. were done on drawing boards and paper, with various tools like pencil, eraser, compass, scale etc. With the advent of computer technology, specially with the software named CAD / CAM, these jobs have become more easier and simpler. Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD), most popularly known as Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is an electronic tool which enables quick and accurate drawing with the use of computer. CAD make use of computer software programmes, special purpose hardware as well as graphics to generate drawings. CAD software is often referred to as CAD CAM software. CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) is a system of automatically producing finished products by using computer controlled production machines.

Even though, the world’s first Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software was developed in the early 1960’s, CAD became popular in the beginning of 1980’s. It was Ivan Sutherland who developed the first CAD software named ‘sketchpad’ in 1963. But before that in the year 1957, Dr. Patrick J. Hanratty had developed a commercial CAM software system, a numerical control programming tool called ‘PRONTO’ and for that reason Dr. Hanratty is referred as ‘the father of CAD CAM’.

Creativity, science and business are combined in the CAD field which are used to design curves and figures in two dimensional (2D) space; or curves, surfaces or solids in three dimensional (3D) objects. In addition to the software, CAD systems require a high quality graphics monitor and graphics card, a mouse, light pen or digitising tablet for drawing, and a special printer or plotter for printing design specifications, as well as high speed CPU’s and large amounts of memory (RAM). Computer aided design involves creating computer models defined by geometrical parameters that appears on a computer monitor as a three-dimensional representation which can be readily altered by changing relevant parameters. This neat, clean and highly presentable CAD drawing have a number of advantages over drawings created on a drawing board. These electronic drawings can be modified quite easily; presented in a variety of formats and the existing components of the drawing can be rearranged to fit the new shape. CAD systems also allow to view a design from any angle with the push of a button and to zoom in or out for close-ups and long-distance views. With proper shading and rendering, the models made by CAD can be made to look exactly like pictures.

Earlier Computer Aided Design software’s were used merely by engineers especially architectural engineers and mechanical engineers. With the passage of time, CAD has made its access in all fields where creativity and designing is required. It is widely used for product design in automotive, shipbuilding and aerospace industries, prosthetics (artificial device for replacing missing body part), industrial and architectural design, and even to produce computer animation in movies, advertisements etc. As a result, many new career avenues has been opened in the field of CAD. Now-a-days this technology is used not only by engineers and architects in their design process, but also other design professionals as well. The applications of CAD software are mostly allied with engineering fields like architecture, civil, mechanical, automobile, electrical, interior design and related firms. All these fields involves lot of designing and most of the professionals and companies do their designing and drawing with the CAD software. CAD system enable an engineer / designer to develop and convey their ideas on screen, take a print out or save it for future editing and thus save a lot of valuable time on their drawings. It facilitates lower design costs and a shorter design time. Engineers and designers use CAD software program in a wide variety of industries to design and manufacture physical products ranging from buildings, bridges, roads, aircraft, ships and cars to digital cameras, mobile phones, televisions etc.

Skilled personals with outstanding drawing skills and computer knowledge can excel in the field of Computer Aided Design. Professionals working in computer aided designing jobs are usually called CAD operators or Drafters. The major tasks performed by these professionals are evaluating, preparing and producing drawings, and designing layout and sketches using computers

Eligibility & Selection:

Formal technical training in computer aided design (CAD) programmes is a vital part to built up a career in this field. CAD courses explore the latest tools and techniques of the software package covering all draw commands and options, editing, dimensioning, hatching and plotting techniques available.

Many institutes offer exclusive programmes in various CAD/CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) software’s such as Auto Cad, CNC, Pro/E, CATIA (Computer Aided Three-dimensional Interactive Application), UG (Unigraphics) etc. as well as Diploma in CAD, which covers various computer aided designing concepts, and also important CAD software. Eligibility criteria for the CAD courses varies depending on the institutes, but for Diploma course it is usually a Diploma/Degree in Mechanical /Production / Automobile/Plastic / Electrical Engineering. For CAD programs based on Auto Cad, the eligibility is ITI-D/Man or Diploma/Degree in Mechanical/Civil/Architecture/Interior Design. Candidates with plus two also have an option for studying Engineering Drawing with CAD.

To become an expert CAD professional, one should possess graduation in engineering. Some reputed institutes, teach CAD software as part of their curriculum along with their 4 years bachelors degree course.

CAD programs are also available as two year post graduate programmes i.e M.E or M. Tech in CAD/CAM which focus more specifically on the technical aspects of the discipline. The eligibility for post graduate programme is normally graduation in engineering. Apart from B.Tech. / B.E. / A.M.I.E., some institutes accept B.Sc. (with mathematics or statistics or computer science or physics as a compulsory subject) / B.C.A. / bachelors degree holders in environmental or disaster management / B.A. or B.Sc. (with geography or geology honours) qualified candidates. After PG, one can opt for specialised CAD software, depending on their areas of interest and their profession.

Aspirants should always make sure that the courses offered are accredited programs that offer the latest in software and equipment. Usually CAD programmes are offered for a short period ranging from 3 months to 6 months up to 1 year. These programmes are designed to provide the basic technical background necessary to produce mechanical drawings using both manual and computer-aided drafting techniques. However, Postgraduate program in CAD are of two year duration

Personal Attributes:

Besides educational qualification, one should have a thorough knowledge about the field of computers. Drawing skill is an essential attribute needed in the profession of CAD, as it mainly deals with designing layouts and sketches. It is a field which requires the combination of logical thinking, creativity and artistic skills. CAD professionals must possess strong technical, analytical, interpersonal and organisational skills. They must be able to execute all types of 2D and 3D design modifications and geometry analysis. In addition to these, candidates should have good mechanical and mathematical skills. As CAD is a technology based field, individuals who have taken CAD as their career, has to update their knowledge on a regular basis.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Some of the specialisation in the field of computer aided design are:

• Drafters : Drafters prepare technical drawings and plans, which are used by production and construction workers to build everything from microchips to skyscrapers. They can work with architectural, engineering, and related services firms. Depending on their qualifications, Drafters can be classified as
• Structural Drafter – who support civil engineers and architects;
• Mechanical Drafter – who deals with machinery and mechanical devices;
• Electrical Drafter – who are associated with the electrical distribution system; etc.
• Design Technician : Design Technician are the individuals who are responsible for the technical aspects of the construction. These people make creative ideas about shape, color, and texture.
• Engineering Aids : Engineering aids wing assist construction engineers in developing final construction plans by preparing land surveys, maps, sketches, drawings and blueprints. They also estimate costs, perform quality assurance tests on building materials etc.

Depending on the specialisation, job opportunities are available for CAD professionals in manufacturing industries, research and development firms etc. CAD professionals with engineering degrees can find openings in the fields of aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design, shipbuilding expertise, automotive industries

Opportunities are also available in advertising and film industries where CAD systems are widely used for giving special effects through computer animation. Here one can work as bench animator, motion capture animator, shadier, game design animator or special effects artist. Auto Cad professionals can take up the career in three dimensional design or industrial design. Those people with advanced Auto Cad skills can find employment as a graphic artist, a 3D modeller, a production artist, a multimedia designer, an architectural or engineering drafts person, and more.

Teaching is another option, as the number of CAD/ CAM training institutes are coming up. With several years of experience, one can start up their own firm or can work as an independent freelance CAD designer.

Remuneration:

Sky is the limit for CAD professionals. Pay scale of CAD degree/ diploma holders vary greatly depending on level of education and experience as well as area of speciality. At the initial stage a CAD professional can earn not less than Rs. 30,000/- per month. Depending on the organisation and the candidates skills, within a short span of time, the salary may rise to 40

The average salary for a Computer Aided Design (CAD) Designer is Rs 300,048 per year. People in this job generally don’t have more than 20 years’ experience. Skills that are associated with high pay for this job are NX Unigraphics, CATIA, and Engineering Design. Experience has a moderate effect on income for this job.

Useful Links:

http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Computer_Aided_Design_(CAD)_Designer/Salary

http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=AutoCAD_Designer/Salary

http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=AutoCAD_Designer/Salary/fcd606d1/Entry-Level

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Computer Aided Design| CAD Careers and Courses in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/IT_field/computer_aided_design/intro.htm [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

For administrating a business efficiently, good communication must be established between the management and staff as well as with the suppliers, investors and customers. Communication plays a major role in the conception, implementation, monitoring and reporting on all corporate or business activities. It is through communication that the stakeholders (i.e person, group or organisation that has direct or indirect stake in an organisation) can understand a company’s purpose, goals and values. Until a few years ago, companies or organisations communicated with their employees through internal bulletins and with their customers through press releases. But with global competition of businesses on the rise, the importance of communication has increased manifold, as it has become the key factor that determine the success of a company. Major companies or organisations consider communication as an effective tool to expand their business and they have their own communication team with efficient communicators. Here comes the importance of corporate communication.

Corporate communication is the communication process that is mainly used for corporate or business purposes which takes place within and beyond the organisation. The term is widely used to describe a variety of management functions related to an organisation’s internal and external communications. Internal corporate communication refers to the communication within an organisation that may include group discussions, motivational activities, business meetings, conferences, presentations etc. The conducive work atmosphere between the employees and the productivity of an organisation can be increased by the internal corporate communication. External corporate communication is the communication of the business or corporate organisation with its investors, customers and other corporate entities by means of marketing and advertising. It is by the external corporate communication that a company portrays its brand identity to the entire corporate world. Various kind of advertisements, promotional events, business proposals can be included in the external corporate communication.

Corporate communication may often be confused with public relation. Though both fields involves the monitoring and evaluating of public attitudes between an organisation and public, corporate communication is far more an intense and strategic method of communication than public relations. Depending on the situation, corporate communication has to communicate strategically and has to come out with different solutions for different scenarios. As a whole, corporate communication is a broad field which covers several other fields like advertising, public relations, investor relations, brand management, internal communication, event promotion, marketing, crisis control etc.

The field of corporative communication has undergone radical developments over the years and has become an exciting and full-fledged career option. Those with a flair communication skills can excel in this lucrative business field. Job openings in corporate communication has also increased as the companies are becoming more serious about its reputation and image. It is the corporate communicator or corporate communication managers who are responsible for creating and maintaining the brand and looking after the organisation’s reputation. Almost all the communicative functions of a company with various national and international organisations are carried out by these people.

Eligibility & Course Areas:

Educational: A formal degree or diploma in the field of mass communication/ public relation/ advertising etc. can help one to get an easy entry into the sector of corporate communication. Communication education will help one to understand and grasp things faster. More than the degree, those with a flair for English writing, analytical skills and good command over English grammar can make an excellent future in this career.

Corporate communication is not taught as a separate course. Most courses in corporate communication are offered along with the courses in public relation. There are also specialised programmes in marketing communications and media management that cover the areas handled in corporate communications. The courses in mass communication, public relation and advertising are offered at the graduate, post graduate, certificate and diploma level. Candidates who have passed plus two/ H.S.C or equivalent from any stream can enrol for the 3 year bachelor degree courses.

Corporate communication is the sector which covers all aspects of an organisations execution. Therefore apart from the educational qualification, professionals in this field are required to have an in-depth knowledge about the organisations marketing strategy and business development. Personal Attributes: Excellent communication skills, both written and spoken, is the most essential element required in this new generation career. They should be very responsible, quick learners and able to understand various circumstances and variety of people. As these people have to deal with a wide range of people, they should have a pleasing personality. They must possess all the qualities to be a team leader, should be polite and have enough confidence to face new challenges. A keen eye for detail, quick decision-making capability apt to the situation, good organising abilities, sociability and the ability to get on with all kinds of people are added advantages. Soft skills like networking, inquisitiveness and time consciousness are also important.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

The global competition in the business; the need to maintain the brand; the upcoming of many multinational companies (MNCs) in India; the changes in the communication scenario by various media – all have increased the scope of corporate communication. This sector has been accepted as an integral part of every enterprise to uphold the status and expand the business. As it is a profession focused on the reputation of an organisation, it has a lot of responsibilities and plays a vital role in building and maintaining relationships with the stakeholders.

Basically corporate communications requires handling data that has to be communicated with the employees, clients or customers. The companies serious about its image are looking for the people who are able to make some changes. Corporate communicators or corporate communication managers are in charge for all the corporate activities within and outside the organisation. They can hold positions such as communications associates, communications managers/directors, client communications coordinator and marketing communications manager and so on. Even though the title of the job varies, the responsibilities carried by them are almost same.

Some of the major responsibilities of a professional in corporate communication may include :

• Developing, executing and evaluating communications strategies for the organisation
• Supervising and maintaining the status of the organization and its brand
• Ensuring effective communication with other department for the smooth functioning
• Conducting internal and external communications programmes like conferences, group meetings, business promotion campaigns etc.
• Preparing company new letters, annual reports, company brochures, website contents
• Advising senior colleagues on strategic communications and related issues
• Handling media contacts, dealing with enquiries and producing media releases
• Producing high quality information service; and so on.

Large firms may have full fledged corporate communication department that works on their communication objectives and it may consist of various departments like public relations, advertising, investor relations, employee relations, community relations, media relations, labor relations, government relations, technical communications, training and employee development, marketing communication and management communications. In small companies, there may be one or two individuals who are responsible for all the entire corporate communication.

Lucrative employment opportunities are available for the corporate communication professionals in commercial organizations, government organisations, advertising agencies, event management companies, tourism departments, consultancy firms, financial services and non-commercial institutions. They can also find job openings with International organisations and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s) working for development projects. One can also set up their own communication consultancy within a few years of gaining experience.

Specific responsibilities of a corporate communicator include:

• Supervise the status of the organization
• Develop, execute and evaluate communications strategies
• Ensuring effective two-way internal communications
• Taking the lead on media handling, proactively placing good news stories, dealing with enquiries and producing media releases
• Developing links with other departments, which enhances the smooth functioning.
• Planning proactive communications
• Leading public relations, including customer services
• Playing a key role in issue management and planning
• Ensuring that other health organizations are kept fully briefed on developments, plans and any incidents in your organization
• Producing high quality information service
• Advising senior colleagues on strategic communications and related issues
• Engaging in business promotion campaigns
• Typically, the following skills would be necessary for a communications role:
• Ability to work equally well both on your own and within a team
• Ability to write, speak and brief others clearly
• Ability to assess and select appropriate communications routes for different messages and audiences
• Ability to remain calm under pressure
• Ability to recognize sensitive situations and act appropriately
• Negotiating and influencing skills
• Ability to work well with others at all levels both within and outside your company
• Ability to gain the trust and respect of senior colleagues
• Ability to provide creative input to projects
• Ability to think strategically

List of top communication institutes in India:

• Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) Delhi
• Xavier’s Institute of Communication (XIC)
• Asian College of Journalism (ACJ)
• Symbiosis Institute of Mass Communication (SIMC)
• AJ Kidwai Mass Communication Research Centre (AJKMCRC)
• Mudra Institute of Communications, Ahmedabad (MICA)
• Indian Institute of Journalism & New Media, Bangalore (IIJNM)
• Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, BHU
• Department of Communication and Journalism, Pune
• Bharati Vidya Bhavan’s Sardar Patel College of Communication and Management, Delhi

Challenges:

• Corporate communications is a specialty field, highly sought after by numerous businesses today. The challenge for communicator is to ensure every message being sent from the company to an audience is as accurate and positively reflective of the business as possible.
• Students who desire to launch a career in corporate communications will find the field challenging as well as rewarding, but they should keep a few things in mind in order to secure a successful future in the field.
• Corporate communications is an exciting and prospering field. However, it can also be tough to break into due to the high level of competition for entry-level jobs so networking is crucial. Most large companies do not advertise these job openings positions, so it pays to make as many meaningful connections as possible to others in the industry.
• Those who do well beyond the minimal requirement of a bachelor’s degree in the field and earn a master’s degree instead may get a nudge over other job seekers. Gaining plenty of on-field work experience is important as well. Participating in part-time internships, undertaking projects, full-time internships go a long way. Additional skills in multimedia, media management, effective public writing, research and analysis skills, and strategy development also helps.

Remuneration:

The pay package in the corporate communication varies depending on the organisation and experience. At the entry level, a graduate or post graduate with excellent communication skill can draw a salary between Rs.15,000/- and Rs.20,000/-. Candidates with an MBA degree or a commerce or finance background, can earn more than Rs.20,000/- at the initial stage. The sky is the limit for a successful corporate communicator. The annual remuneration can easily go up to Rs. 5 to 6 lakhs with a relevant experience of few years.

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Corporate Communication: Career Options | MBA – Corporate Communication Careers and Courses in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/management/corporate_communication/intro.htm [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Resonance.ac.in. (2017). VAKTAVYA August Issue. [online] Available at: https://www.resonance.ac.in/newsletter/vaktavya-August11/afterxii.htm [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Course, C. and Communications, C. (2017). Career in Corporate Communications | Winentrance. [online] Winentrance.com. Available at: http://www.winentrance.com/career_courses/career-corporate-communication.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Htcampus.com. (2017). Top 10 Journalism and Mass Communications Colleges in India. [online] Available at: http://www.htcampus.com/article/top-10-journalism-and-mass-communication-colleges-india/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

DailyHunt. (2017). Exploring corporate communications as a career – Sheroes | DailyHunt. [online] Available at: http://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/sheroes-epaper-sheroes/exploring+corporate+communications+as+a+career-newsid-65680492 [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Are you fond of writing? Do you have the flair to juggle words to explain your thoughts creatively? Creative writing is another potential career field that promises good monetary returns. But the field is not for everyone. A career in creative writing is considered as an artistic work gifted by God to special people. These people are the creative writers, known by various names such as novelists, poets, lyricists etc. who are engaged in writing books, articles, stories, especially as an occupation or profession. Most of writers have magical powers in writing and through their work, they can influence the readers and can make them upset, disgusted, spellbound or happy.

Creating writing is a long process which requires a lot of research and hard work. Creative writing is the writing in which a writer aims to express his/ her emotions, feelings, imaginative ideas and thoughts, through prose and poetic verses. Any kind of writing like novels, poems, stories, drama, autobiography, script writing, copy writing etc. can be considered as creative writing.

The foremost and the essential things required to become a creative writer is the passion for writing and love to communicate with words. Creative writing is a field which requires a lot of imagination, observation and an inborn ability to create pictures of the natural world. One can become a good writer by reading articles on variety of topics and styles; experiencing life in every way and learning and listening to a lot of idioms, accents, and local expressions. One can also improve their writing skills by taking a course in creative writing.

The major task of creative writer is to create a work in an interesting or appealing manner. Each work has to be organized cohesively with a clear beginning, middle and an end and must be targeted at an audience. Creative writers are expected to deliver original and high class content with no grammar and spelling mistakes. Copying of content from any other media is strictly prohibited in the field of creative writing, as it may create serious legal complications. So one has to write the content, whatever the topics may be in an original style and language. For this, a thorough research is needed that can be done by referring related informative book, encyclopedia, talking to people proficient in the topic or by searching the internet.Many people enjoy creative writing as a hobby. They can turn it into a profession and start earning with great opportunities. The demand for creative writers has increased at the global level, with the recent boom in the print media. Scope in this field is endless and one can become a novelist, journalist, short story writer, copywriter and so on. Creative writing jobs promise a good career path with excellent growth prospects and attractive salaries, if it is taken seriously with complete devotion

Eligibility:

The field of creative writing does not require formal education. Those with a flair for writing with imagination, observation and creativity can excel as a creative writer. An educational background in English literature or Journalism & communication will be an added advantage for a fruitful career in creative writing.

Few institutes in India offer short term courses in creative writing and these training courses enable a candidate to be successful in the field of creative writing. The minimum educational qualification for applying to creative writing course is Higher Secondary or 10+2 with humanities or arts as the main discipline. The minimum duration of these courses is one year. Most of the universities offers courses in creative writing as an optional subjects with its bachelors and masters.

One can also avail a course in creative writing through distance education mode, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), Karnataka State Open University, U.P. Rajarshi Tandon Open University are among the universities. IGNOU offers Diploma and Postgraduate diploma in Creative Writing (both in English and Hindi) through its distance learning program.

Course Content:

Creative writing course content includes lectures and workshops which helps students to bring out their hidden talents and polish their creative potential to shape their thoughts in the profession. Through these courses, one can get an idea about when and how to use words liberally and develop their thoughts and imaginative power to make their work a pleasing experience for readers. The students are taught to write book reviews, travel articles, interviews, writing for children as well as developing stories on their own. Several techniques and methods are taught in the creative writing course and the successful completion of the course enables an individual to create an excellent piece of work in a professional manner.

Personal Attributes:

Creativity, which is considered as an in-born talent is the first and foremost quality needed to become a good creative writer. Another equivalent trait is their imagination. An aspiring creative writer must have tremendous passion for reading and writing, should be a good observer and communicator and should have the qualities like good vocabulary and comprehensive skills. They must possess good communication skills, have the ability and interest to research on different topics, have a sound knowledge of grammar and power to express in words. Determination, hard work and honesty are very much required in the creative writing field. Those who think differently and have innovative ideas of presentation can excel in this field.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

To get into this prolific career, it is not mandatory to have a certificate in creative writing. Graduates or post-graduates with good command over languages, any language especially English, from any field can enter the interesting and challenging field of creative writing.

Ample job opportunities are available for creative writers. Professional creative writers are involved in the creation and development of all types of creative works, like different types of fiction, memoirs, poetry, nonfiction, novel, lyrics, science fiction, romance, script, play, travelogue and so on. He/she can write reports, interviews, features, criticism and reviews for journals, magazines and newspapers etc. Besides, creative writers can also create content for web sites or compose articles for print media.

Some of the existing designations for creative writers are:

• Copy Writers – Mainly involved with the advertising field, the task of the copy writer is to create content describing a particular product, its features, benefits, uses etc. for convincing the customer. These people are responsible for writing the brochures, advertising letters, product catalogs, newsletters etc.
• Article Writers – Article writers can write variety of articles on topics such as fashion, food, travel, health, business, entertainment, sports, education etc. and can choose writing for dailies, magazines, websites etc.
• Book Writer (Author) – One can become an author of a book, by narrating a story or any other topic. They can try writing fiction and non-fictional books, for children and grown-ups. Good public relation is needed for this and your book has to be published through a good publishing house.
• Online Writers – Plenty of online opportunities are available for creative writers, right from content writing to blogging to technical writing to freelance writing. They can write articles on various topics.
• Script Writers – Those who prefer writing dialogues, can excel as script writers. Script writers write the content and stories for movies, plays, television shows etc. They conduct thorough research to work out the story line of a given theme or topic. Writing authentic, sparkling and well-crafted dialogues that individualise characters is the ultimate challenge for the script writers.
• Novelists – Those with a very good power of imagination, can explore the world of fiction writing as Novelists.
• Lyricist – Those who can play with words and string them into songs, can become a lyricist, or write jingles for advertisements.
• Technical Writers – A Technical writer translate or explain the technical usage of a companies products in simple language so that even a common man who could not understand the technical words and language could figure out the advantages or the operation of products or services. In short, Technical writers specialise in writing technology for non-technical persons.
• Content developer, legacy writer, travel writer, news reporter, book translator, screenplay writer, columnist, food critic, etc. are some more forms of creative writing which are very popular.

Besides these opportunities, one can start their own freelance creative writing establishment or can choose a freelance writing job with a newspaper or a website and can write articles, stories, reviews, etc. for these mediums. They can also get into teaching profession, after acquiring a master’s degree in creative writing. Another option is to seek employment in firms which are in the business of content development and publishing. Prominent publishing houses hire creative writers

Tremendous job openings are available for creative writers abroad in countries like US, Europe etc. There, Creative Writers are selected for the post through a written test, group discussion which is followed by a personal interview with the HR of the company. Candidates will have to face language related and general knowledge questions in these rounds of selection.

Only those people with consistent improvement in their writing skills can survive in the highly competitive, tough and challenging field of creative writing. The exposure in this field mainly depend on the quality of work and the professionalism of the individual. Once you carve a niche for yourself as a professional and have recognition in the field, there won’t be any looking back.

Institutes:

From a wide range of colleges and universities in India, here is a list of the ten most popular and sought after institutions which offer courses in creative writing:

1. The British Council located in all metro cities in India offers degree, diploma and certificate courses in Creative writing.
2. The JNU (Jawaharlal Nehru University) in New Delhi offers creative writing as an optional subject in its MA (English) course
3. Calcutta University offers a Diploma course in Creative Writing
4. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan in New Delhi offers a Postgraduate Diploma course in Creative Writing
5. Xavier’s Mumbai Central Institute of Indian Languages, Karnataka
6. Center for Research in Art of Film and Television, Delhi which offers a one-year diploma course
7. Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi which offers a PG diploma in Creative writing though the distance learning program
8. U.P.Rajarshi Tandon Open University, Allahabad offers diploma courses through the distance mode
9. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University, Ahmedabad

Challenges:

Being self-employed causes problems just as much as any other profession. A lot of us writers find that one of the hardest things about being self-employed is being your own boss! I know it’s a strange one.

Strange or not, it is interesting to ponder on why so many of us find we actually prefer working for someone else rather than ourselves.

Lack of Structure: Going out to work for someone else imposes a structure on our days. Lack of structure can cause us to lack motivation.

Lack of Ideas: You’re very sure you can write that article, but you don’t have ideas or points to write on. It happens to everybody, and the good news is that there’s a solution to this.

Lack of Confidence:

This is the most dangerous problem that can plague a writer. It doesn’t matter how skilled you are or how much experience you’ve got; you won’t go so far unless you are confident of what you have to offer.

Getting REAL Clients:

Getting clients is probably the number one challenge most writers face. A lot of people believe they have the skills but just can’t seem to get clients. Most importantly, a lot of writers reading this don’t want just any client; they want REAL clients that are willing to pay them what they’re worth.

Another problem with being self-employed is that we must make all our own decisions. In other words we are the ones taking the risk. Some of our problems are business problems rather than artistic ones. Business problems are our own responsibility if we work for ourselves. If we fail in our writing business we have nobody else to blame but ourselves. If we are working for someone else and the business goes under, it’s their responsibility and their problem. We can go off and get another job.

One of the growing writer’s problems we face today is the Internet. It is a glorious resource filled with loads of interesting and helpful stuff for writers, and more, and more, and even more

Remuneration:

Remuneration in this field varies with the genres of creative writing. At the initial stage, creative writers can earn a payment of Rs. 8000/- to 10,000 per month, depending on the organisation they are working for.

Within a short span of time, if they are excellent in their work, the pay scale may increase rapidly.

Working as a free lancer is the finest option to earn more. But in the initial stage, one may have to struggle a lot to establish their name in the field. After achieving recognition, they can demand on their returns. They can earn income per word. Reputed publishing houses hire creative writers to write books, articles etc and make payment according to the contract which may range in five figures.

Besides for authors, each time their book is sold, they are assured of royalty. Sky is the limit for renowned creative writers in terms of remuneration.

The average pay for a Content Writer is Rs 243,264 per year. People in this job generally don’t have more than 10 years’ experience. The skills that increase pay for this job the most are Writing Procedures & Documentation, Microsoft Excel, and Creative Writing. For more details visit: http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Content_Writer/Salary

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Creative Writing : Career Options | Media and Entertainment Careers in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/creative_writing/intro.htm [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/Which-is-the-best-creative-writing-course [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Practicalcreativewriting.com. (2017). Writer’s problems. Original and practical solutions for your writing problems.. [online] Available at: http://www.practicalcreativewriting.com/writers-problems/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Payscale.com. (2017). Content Writer Salary (India). [online] Available at: http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Content_Writer/Salary [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

In India, dance is an age-old tradition. This vast sub-continent has given birth to varied forms of dancing, each shaped by the influences of a particular period and environment. Indian dance is an extremely intricate art requiring skill, hard work and discipline. All Indian dances portray some expression of life and almost every dance posture has a specific meaning. Dance themes are derived from mythology, folklore, legends and classical literature.

Indian dance is said to have originated from ‘Natya Shastra’, which is a detailed script written on all aspects of Indian dance. The author of ‘Natya Shastra’ was ‘Bharata Muni’ who wrote it some time in the 2nd century B.C.

The two main divisions of dance are classical and folk forms. There are dance forms typical to certain parts of the country and these dance forms are based on ancient dance discipline. The various classical forms are Bharatnatyam of Tamil Nadu, Kuchupudi of Andhra Pradesh, Odissi of Orissa, Kathak, Kathakali and Manipuri. The uniqueness of Indian classical dances is that they are all devotional in content. Of all these dance forms, Bharat Natyam is believed to be the oldest and the purest Indian classical dance.

Training in Dance should start as early as age six or less, much before the official professional training. Besides an in born talent, the basic requirement for a full time Professional training is matriculation or 10 + 2. Some institutes at the time of admission even give preference to students having a talent. Careers in this field can be that of a performer, teacher and choreographer.

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Dancing ? This section features Dancing as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Dancing is an inherent part of Indian culture. There are many well-known classical and folk dances. These dance forms are typical to certain parts of the country and have taken on the hue and texture of that region. The two main divisions of dance are classical and folk forms. There are dance forms typical to certain parts of the country and these dance forms are based on ancient dance discipline. Among the most popular classical styles of dance seen on stage are Bharatnatyam of Tamil Nadu, Odissi of Orissa, Kathakali of Kerala, Kuchipudi of Andhra Pradesh, Kathak of Lucknow and Jaipur and Manipuri of Manipur. There are several other forms of dances that fall into the category of semi-classical, folk, drama and martial arts contributing to the panorama of dance in India.

Some artists who have been able to command attention earn a substantial amount from the pursuit of their art as a full-time career. But the numbers are very few. Thus in their case the success in their careers depends upon their expertise in the field.

Training in Dance should start as early as age six or less, much before the official professional training. Besides an in born talent, the basic requirement for a full time Professional training is matriculation or 10 + 2. Some institutes at the time of admission even give preference to students having a talent. Careers in this field can be that of a performer, teacher and choreographer.

Eligibility & Course Areas:

To be in this field one needs to have an inborn talent, training and guidance can only sharpen these talents.

Educational: To take up a course in this subject the basic requirement is 10+2. However, for post graduate level courses graduation in the subject is compulsory.

Courses offered in this area are certificate courses, bachelor courses, diploma courses and post graduate level courses. Duration of various courses: Certificate course is of one year, Bachelor courses is of three years, Diploma and Post Graduate level courses is of two years.

Training in this field is available at a number of schools and institutes all over India. The Kathak Kendra in Delhi, the Kalakshetra in Chennai, Bharatiya Kala Kendra in Delhi are some of the prominent institutes conducting courses in Dance.

Course areas include history and evolution of dance and dance forms, the characteristic features of the dance form one specialises in, covering all aspects of dance as a performing art.

Personal attributes: Main attributes are talent, versatility, sense of rhythm, dedication, grace, an expressive facial and body language, an ability to interpret roles, attractive appearance, stage presence, creativity, physical stamina etc.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Dancers can find employment in:

• Kala Kendras

• Academies

• TV channels

• Dance troupes

• There are also many opportunities for self-employment in the form of holding private classes or starting an institution.

Courses/Training:

Serious professional training must start early, running in parallel to academics, at the latest by the age of 10 years. A well-qualified teacher should be assigned the task of imparting training. Full-time official training should start right after matriculation with a previous background of training during school years.

Professional training of a dancer includes practical and theoretical training. Students are taught the basics of music, rhythm, instruments, the history and evolution of dance and dance forms, the characteristic feature of the dance form one specializes in and so on. The courses of training imparted by the various professional schools of dance are comprehensive, covering all aspects of dance as a performing art and are suitable for those who want to take up a performing career or a teaching one.

Career options:

Career options available in this areas are that of a performer, teacher and choreographer.

Teaching: To be in this field one needs an aptitude to teach, initiative and patience. They must also have thorough knowledge of practical and theoretical aspects of dance. They should have a perfect sense of rhythm, and some proficiency in music.

Dancers: who take up teaching as a profession can find opportunities in schools, colleges, universities, dance institutes and even open schools of their own.

Choreography: The choreographer designs and composes dance sequences and co-ordinates the stage settings, music, costumes and supervises rehearsals. Choreographer must have creative or imaginative powers and an ability to interpret music and compose dance routines for solo as well as group performances. They must be able to work along with a team. Prospects in this field are expanding with more and more stage and TV shows.

Choreographers can find employment in troupes performing stage shows, TV shows and in films.

Performing: To be a performing artist one must have attractive appearance, facial expression, an ability to interpret roles and stage presence. Performers have to spare time everyday for practicing. They must also have to keep in touch with the interest of the general public. They must travel a lot and give performances to be popular. Besides professional training; dedication, talent and the right contacts can only help a performer to become well established.

Performing artists can form their own troupes or even work with other troupes. They also have the option of starting schools and devote time for teaching.

Challenges:

• One of the top challenges in my life as a dancer is dealing with and learning to appropriately manage pain.
• Another challenge to face as a dancer is separating work from personal life. Although you may be passionate about dancing, you may be normally in the studio for eight hours a day, five days a week.
• Learning to adapt to change is also what dancers face. It’s necessary to be versatile in all aspects of what my job demands.
• Dancers also have to adapt to occasional disappointments at work. Like any other job, there will be good days and bad days. Sometimes you show up to work and feel great when you’re completely on your leg and feel like you’ve had some really productive rehearsals or successful performances. Other days you might deal with situations like dealing with a painful ache, experiencing unwanted casting changes, or not seeing your name next to a desired role.

Institutes:

• Bharatiya Vidhya Bhavan, Bangalore
• Veve Dance, Mumbai
• Nalanda Nritya Kala Mahavidyalaya, Mumbai
• Ballet Repertoire Academy of India, Mumbai
• Sri Thyagaraja College of Music and Dance
• Latin Dance India
• National Institute of Kathak Dance
• ITA school of performing arts
• Nrityanjali Institute of Performing Arts
• Delhi Dance Academy

Placements & Prospects:

Many dancers are employed by academies, kala kendras, Doordarshan, Dance troupes, All India Radio and teaching institutions. Employment opportunities to drama artists are provided by professional theatrical and opera companies and semi-theatrical institutions eg. AIR, television studios, movie studios, films division, song and drama division etc. Several corporate houses, and private institutions sponsor performances of musicians and dancers and thereby promoting culture as well as their products. There are also many opportunities for self-employment in the form of holding private classes or starting an institution.

There are a few performers who have been constantly or continuously successful. Until a dancer becomes well established, fees commanded are not high. Good professional training need not necessarily ensure success. Good professional contacts are very crucial in the profession of a performing artiste.

Dedicated and talented persons with the right contacts can become well established. The more an artiste travels and performs, the more her/his fame spreads. A dancer?s professional life is short and, therefore, most dancers engage in teaching on a part-time basis and then go on to become full-time teachers.

Starting a dance school in a residential neighbourhood has good prospects as children can easily pursue dancing after school. Schools also prefer to have a dance teacher on a full-time basis so as to handle cultural activities and organise children, train them for inter-school competitions, etc. Professional schools and universities offer full-time as well as part-time assignments.

Salaries are not very high but offer a comfortable lifestyle. Personal training fetches good fees.

Remuneration:

The average salary for a Dance Teacher is Rs 244,400 per year. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 20 years in this field. For more details visit: http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Dance_Teacher/Salary

Bibliography:

Sites.google.com. (2017). Sign in – Google Accounts. [online] Available at: https://sites.google.com/s/0B6a6uDB96sKWTnhFbXdGNkZ1Rzg/p/0B6a6uDB96sKWUmlQdk1Lc3g0MzA/edit [Accessed 13 Sep. 2017].

Indicareer.com. (2017). Dancing, Choreography, Career in Dancing. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/Dancing/India-Career-Dancing.html [Accessed 13 Sep. 2017].

Maafoundation.org. (2017). Career – Maafoundation.org. [online] Available at: http://www.maafoundation.org/index.php?nuser=career&id=48 [Accessed 13 Sep. 2017].

4dancers.org. (2017). My Top 3 Challenges As A Dancer. [online] Available at: http://www.4dancers.org/2016/04/my-top-3-challenges-as-a-dancer/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2017].

Qriyo Blog. (2017). 10 Best Dance Institutes in India – Qriyo Blog. [online] Available at: https://www.qriyo.com/blog/10-best-dance-institutes-in-india/ [Accessed 13 Sep. 2017].

Payscale.com. (2017). Dance Teacher Salary (India). [online] Available at: http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Dance_Teacher/Salary [Accessed 13 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Decade ago, no one would have thought of a career that can earn a generous amount of money by just playing music. Disc Jockeying (DJying) is one such profession that can sate your passion for music as well as earn you enough to make a living. Individuals involved in this field of sound, rhythm and music are called Disc or Disco Jockey or simply and more commonly DJ (deejay).

The term Deejaying was first used to describe radio announcers who would introduce and play popular gramophone records popularly known as discs. As these records were jockeyed by the radio announcers, they were named as disc jockey and soon as DJs or deejays. Ray Newby from California is considered as the world’s first DJ in the year 1909, but the term Disc Jockey was invented in 1935 by an American commentator, Walter Winchell. During the nineties, DJs became a part of gatherings and within a short span, their popularity increased and Disc Jockeying soon emerged as an exciting career option.

Disc Jockey alias DJ can be considered as a showman who entertains the crowd of a discotheque, night club, party or an event by playing music according to the tastes and preferences of the people present there. They liven up parties by mixing tunes, forming beats and creating the right ambience. For that DJ’s need to understand the mood of the audience, the performance setting, the preferred medium and know how to manipulate sound. They should also focus on beat- matching to keep the tempo of the party going. Though more regularly in clubs, hotels and discotheques; DJs are also hired for entertaining guests on various occasions such as wedding, engagement, birthday party, school/ college functions or any other social gathering.

DJying is a profession that can be learned with experience on the floor. DJs should always keep in mind that only their skills and reputation will bring future opportunities to them. Their reputation usually spreads through word of mouth. One can be a successful DJ, if he/ she can leave a good impression on the people, so that their names will be recommended to others. In India, the profession has gained a lot of potential during the last three-four years, especially in main cities with the ever increasing number of social gatherings and parties.

Eligibility:

Educational qualification is not mandatory in the field of disc jockeying, and there is no age bar as well. Those with a flair and in-depth knowledge of music can built up a lucrative career as Disc jockeys (DJs). DJ’ing is a field that requires a lot of well- developed personal as well as technical skills. The first and the foremost thing for a person who aspires to become a DJ or Disc Jockey is the love, taste and craze for music. But it is not enough to become a successful DJ. He/ she need to be familiar with different genres of music such as rock, electro, jazz, pop, hip-hop, metal, country and so on.

DJ’s must have a huge database of music and should keep updating their database with the latest songs and tunes. They should know the techniques of combining and merging different soundtracks, by making use of software’s or other instruments. A pleasing personality, excellent communication skills, punctuality, an understanding of popular demand are some attributes needed for this profession. Moreover, DJ’s must be comfortable at working long hours and that too usually late nights till early mornings. They should be creative and have a good sense of rhythm. Good timing and co-ordination is very much needed for this profession. DJ’s should also possess good business skills and be able to work calmly under any circumstances.

A good disc jockey should innovate new techniques in mixing; be able to gauge the crowd and know their mood and play in accordance with the event and the venue. DJs should also be aware of new technology evolving in the industry and the latest music trends. One has to master certain techniques such as cueing, equalization, audio mixing, beat matching etc. Training is available in the field of DJing for improving technical skills. Several institutes offer courses of 2-3 month duration in DJying which may cost around 20,000-30,000 Rs.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Deejaying can be considered as a creative art, since it is the remixing of music with the use of various modern musical devices. DJs should have an excellent collection of music records – from the classics to the latest, and need to be familiar with different genres of music such as rock, electro, jazz, pop, hip-hop, metal, country and so on. While playing music, DJs are performing varied tasks ranging from just playing a series of recordings (like the remixed musical records and tunes) to manipulation of recordings. Manipulation of pre-recorded music is done using techniques such as audio mixing, cueing, phrasing, slip-cueing, cutting, scratching, beat matching, beat juggling, needle drops, phase shifting and more.

To do all these, Disc jockeys (DJs) use a wide variety of high frequent musical equipments varying in sophistication including Mp3 players, turntables, vinyl record, PA (Public address) system, sound system, mixers, tape decks, amplifiers, headphones, graphic equalizers, lighting effects, sound processors, microphones and so on.

Disc jockeys can be:

Radio DJs – Radio disc jockey’s or more commonly Radio Jockey are broadcast presenters, working at radio stations who select and play music tracks. Reflecting the personality and musical interests of the Radio DJs, these programs may be filled with jokes, weather reports, traffic reports, conversations, advertisements, interviews etc. Knowledge of digital audio editing software like Cool Edit Pro or Adobe Audition will be an added advantage for Radio DJs.

Club/ Rave DJs – Club/rave disc jockeys are those who mix music and use several techniques to create the ambiance for a dance audience. They mix different kinds of music in such a way that the dancers on the floor do not break their tempo and flow with the music being played.

Home/ Bedroom DJs – Home DJs are persons who owns DJing equipment (ie. turntables, mixer, CDJ (a CD player that allows analogue control of music from CDs) etc.) and have a passion for music, but doesn’t play out to crowds at bars or special events (ie. raves). Instead, they opt to play their music at home for their friends, record mix tapes over the internet via audio broadcasting software, such as shout cast.

Hip Hop DJs/ Reggae DJs – A hip hop disc jockey is one that selects, plays and creates music as a hip hop artist and/or rap performer, often backing up one or more MCs.

Mobile/ Commuting DJs – Mobile DJs travel or tour with their own portable sound systems (like vinyl (records) and CDs) and play from an extensive collection of pre-recorded music at a variety of events such as wedding receptions, parties, nightclubs, school dances, social events etc. They try to create a fun atmosphere by being the Master of Ceremonies or Microphone controller (MC).

Computer DJs – Computer DJs are those who play digital music encoded audio files to the public with computer or laptop.

The profession of disc jockeys will remain in demand, as long as people hire them for entertaining guests for parties and other occasions. There are ample avenues in this field with the ongoing boom in the music and entertainment channel shows. It is essential that DJ’s should built up their reputation initially in this field. The job of a DJ may require traveling and working odd hours usually late nights and early mornings. Their work environs may include comfortable air-conditioned studios or outdoors in hot, loud and smoky environments.

DJs can work on a contract basis in clubs, discotheques, banquets halls or any other place where events and parties are organised. Certain DJs work on a part-time or casual basis combining the profession with another source of income. Sometimes, DJs serve as Light jockey by controlling the lights on the dance floor contributing to the overall ambience and atmosphere of the club.

For working as freelance DJs, one must have their own group of sound engineers and sound equipment. They will need to promote themselves as a business, by distributing flyers, making contacts with related people such as event management companies where they could get a recommendation.

Many successful DJs in the later stages of their career move on to production field by starting studio; become an event manager or establish their own DJ learning institutes. Some DJs may diversify into related areas like music production, music retailing and recording, bringing out a music album or a remix album of which do well in the market. DJs could also find openings as club promoters, remix producers, record distributors or even musical artists in their own right.

Institutes:

For becoming a Disc Jockey, currently there are no colleges or universities that offer full-time programmes or courses with a defined syllabus or course curriculum in DJ training or development. However, there are many private institutes and training centres that have sprung up across India mainly in Mumbai, Delhi (NCR), Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Kolkata that offer short duration courses in DJ development and other related skills such as:

• Pro DJ
• DJ Training and Development course
• Digital Live DJ’ing course
• Audio Engineering course

Most of these institutes have been set up by DJs themselves:

• I Love Music Academy, Gurgaon – courses such as “Pro DJ” (3 months, part time), “DJ Producer” (9 months, part time) website: ilovemusic.edu.in
• Electronyk Academy, Delhi – an institute by DJ NYK (Nikhil Sahni) website: www.electronykacademy.com
• Jazzy Joe, Delhi – one of the oldest DJ schools in Delhi, set up in 1997 website: www.jazzyworkshop.com
• Skratchlab DJ Academy, Chennai – developed by DJ Kave, twice D.M.C World DJ championship Indian representative, Official DJ for A R Rahman, Blaaze & Hardkaur website: www.skratchlab.com
• Global DJ Music Production & DJ Training Academy, Mumbai website: www.globaldj.co.in

Challenges:

• First is building a brand. The real challenge actually is in creating a market that recognised the value and importance of DJs.
• Being a DJ is a difficult job because of how competitive the current disc jockey scene is. Because of how much technology has evolved, there are artists making music off of their phone and selling the tracks for thousands and thousands of dollars. These gems are few and far between, but that just goes to show you how competitive it is; nearly anybody can be a famous disc jockey at any given moment.
• Getting thrown requests from clueless fans reins as one of the most annoying issues to deal with, but working with incompetent club owners who want to make as much money as possible off of you without doing any of the leg work is hard to beat when it comes to the challenges of being a disc jockey.
• Software crash! this might be a big issue so you need to be ready with the backup.
• Diving into anything defying convention comes with it’s challenges. It will be difficult to convince your family to accept this decision.

Remuneration:

The most attractive part of being a DJ is of course its money factor. DJ’ing is a well paying profession and one can earn a handsome amount in one night. Initially, one might have to play for small amounts or even free of cost to practice and get to know people in the industry.

Most DJs earn self-employed artists or work on freelance contracts. Depending on your credentials and experience, a stint at an event can earn a DJ anything between Rs 30,000 – Rs 70,000 per night. There also several DJs who are employed full-time in the broadcast and hospitality industry. Salaries here vary between Rs 3 lakh – Rs 8 lakh per annum, depending on experience and popularity.

And if you happen to enter the big league like those DJ Suketu, DJ Aqueel (in pic above), DJ Akbar Sami, the world is your stage.

The scope in this field is less for those who remain just a DJ. If a DJ can develop their skill and produce their own music, maybe cut an album, it could fetch them great money.

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Disc Jockey/ Deejaying : Career Options | Media and Entertainment Careers in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/disc_jockey/intro.htm [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Admission, D., Admission, D. and Admission, D. (2017). CAREER IN DISC JOKEYINGDestination Admission | Destination Admission. [online] Destinationadmission.com. Available at: http://destinationadmission.com/career-in-disc-jokeying/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

(DJ), C. (2017). Disc Jockey (DJ) As A Career Option – Courses, Jobs, Salaries. [online] Indiaeducation.net. Available at: http://www.indiaeducation.net/careercenter/masscommunication/discjockey/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Discjockeymag.in. (2017). [online] Available at: http://www.discjockeymag.in/post_details.php?fldiPostId=NjY=&fldvRemote=66.249.79.128&flddTime=1504881819&fldvSSS=unkdnu5n5488lqvjciioqhs1q6 [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Entri.co. (2017). Challenges of Being a Disc Jockey | Entri. [online] Available at: http://entri.co/challenges-of-being-a-disc-jockey/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/Can-I-take-DJing-as-a-career [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Electronic Media ? This section features Electronic Media as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Rapid development of technology has opened up innumerable opportunities in the electronic media. Public access to information and entertainment is growing day by day. The electronic media comprising radio (audio) and television (audiovisual) has an edge over the print media as events and developments can be instantaneously transmitted the world over. There are various types of jobs in electronic media for which different types of training are required. All those who work in programme production are liable to work until transmission stops.

The different jobs in electronic media require specific skills or talents that contribute towards making the team complete. There can also be separate teams doing pre-production, production and post-production work.

Personality Traits:

Certain attributes are common for all jobs in the electronic media : Wide range of interests, a sociable nature, ability to think fast, crisis management, speed of action, creative imagination, an appreciation of what audiences want, ability to work as part of a team, resilience, tact, self confidence, a sense of responsibility, presence of mind, clear, quick, logical mind and ability to handle criticism.

Career Prospects:

With the introduction of several television channels and FM radio stations, the career opportunities in the field of electronic journalism has increased manifold. The positions a person working in electronic media usually holds are:

• Field Reporter
• Writer
• Editor
• Research Analyst
• Field and In-house Correspondent
• News / Program Anchor
• Presenter
• News Analyst
• Public Relations Officer
• Cinema Projectionist
• Media Marketing Executive
• Content Writer and editor
• Audiovisual Production Specialist
• Advertising Executive

A Mass Communication / Journalism degree can also lend you a job in the fields of direction, program research, production, script writing and camera & sound departments.

Courses/Training:

Training

Various types of professional training can give access to jobs in the electronic media.

Mass Communication is offered as a postgraduate diploma/degree programme after graduation in any discipline. The duration of courses varies from one to two years. The two year postgraduate programme in mass communication at the Mass Communication Research Centre (MCRC), Jamia Milia Islamia, Delhi gives comprehensive coverage in all facets of the electronic media.

An emerging trend is undergraduate programmes in mass media or journalism and mass communication to students who have passed 10+2. Such programmes can create a base for careers in electronic media and are being offered by Delhi University, University of Mumbai among others. Many Universities/Institutes in the country offer courses in dance, music, and drama. Professional training in these areas can lead to assignments in the electronic media.

Many Universities / Institutes in the country offer courses in dance, music, and drama. Professional training in these areas can lead to assignments in the electronic media.

Challenges:

TODAY, THE major challenges being faced by the electronic media are credibility, commitment, professionalism and media ethics. There are certain issues which involve the society as well as the media, making both of them interdependent on each other.

Media is not only a mirror to show what all is happening in the society, it also acts as an instrument of social change. Its job is to inform and educate the society and act as a medium of communication between the various organs of the society and masses. Its job is to look into the society in all its manifestation with a penetrating eye, reflect noble ideas and expose social evils and help in their eradication. But in recent times despite all of these duties which media has to perform, there is no credibility to what media does.

Media can make or mar reputations, build bridges of understanding or cause tensions and hatred among various section of the society. Nowadays, many newspapers and magazines indulge in biased projection and distorted interpretation of news because they think they are serving a cause that is to bring out truth in front of the whole society. There are many incidents when the media was under the light of immoral reporting.

Placements & Prospects:

Proliferation of the electronic media along with the rapid advances in technology, communication satellites, cable networks, dish antennae etc. has helped to create myriad opportunities of employment in the electronic media. Privatisation of TV networks has been a major source of encouragement, That is why prospects in the electronics media are exceptionally good. Communication for all the jobs is very keen and only the best stand a chance.

Emoluments vary enormously according to qualifications, experience, capability and talent. Creativity, imagination, perseverance and the gift of communication can make a significant difference to placements.

As more and more channels and bands continue to be added, the scope for talent and opportunity utilisation in the electronic media will continue to be high.

Remuneration:

The salaries for beginners in the electronic media industry are not very lucrative. But hard work and experience can take you a long way in the field of electronic journalism. The government of India has laid down certain guidelines regarding the salary brackets of professionals in this industry. According to the government directives,

• Fresher and senior reporters of all government owned electronic media must be paid anything between 5,500 to 9,000 rupees per month.
• Sub editors and chief reporters must earn anything between 5,000 to 10,500 rupees per month.
• An editor’s salary bracket is in the range of 7,500 to 12,000 rupees per month.

Asides a fixed remuneration, all journalists and professionals working with the electronic media are given traveling allowances, stay expenses while on the field and incentives depending on the performance.

Bibliography:

Muraleedharan.tripod.com. (2017). Electronic Media – Careers. [online] Available at: http://muraleedharan.tripod.com/cgi-bin/muraleedharan/careers/electmedia.htm [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Mediacourse.yolasite.com. (2017). mediacourse. [online] Available at: http://mediacourse.yolasite.com/media-education.php [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Bestindiaedu.com. (2017). Career Options in Electronic Media. [online] Available at: http://www.bestindiaedu.com/career-options/electronic-media.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Indicareer.com. (2017). Electronic Media, Career in Electronic Media, Electronic Media Courses. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/Electronic-Media/India-Career-Electronic-Media.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Merinews.com. (2017). Major challenges faced by electronic media. [online] Available at: http://www.merinews.com/article/major-challenges-faced-by-electronic-media/15767694.shtml [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Bestindiaedu.com. (2017). Career Options in Electronic Media. [online] Available at: http://www.bestindiaedu.com/career-options/electronic-media.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Fashion ? This section features Fashion as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

India which has always been a center for the textile and garment trade is also growing into a center of innovation in garment and accessory design. Fashion technology has a wide scope for choosing a career. Now the fashion industry has become so specialized that it encompasses a vast field of studies in design, concept management, design production management, quality control, planning, fabric design, printing, fashion accessory design, fashion merchandising, textile science, colour mixing, marketing and so on.

The primary areas of work in the fashion industry are market research, designing and manufacturing of garments and textiles. Fashion design is the most important area of work in fashion industry. Designing involves creating original designs after studying the changing trends of the market i.e market research. It has various fields of specialization like garments, footwear, jewellery and even luggage. It is a challenging field as it requires the coordination of various jobs, in small concerns it is usually a one man show but in big organisations the jobs are specialized and allotted to different people. Manufacturing involves purchasing textiles and fabrics required for the design and making the garment according to the master pattern. Manufacturing process requires employment of a large number of trained personnel.

Fashion technology education is designed to train students in the core garment manufacturing technology. The basic inputs are in areas of design and management with main emphasis on technology helping students become aware of Information Technology (IT) and its application in the fashion industry. Higher level programmers in fashion technology are designed to train students to excel in understanding and integrating the areas of technology and management for apparel manufacturing.

Personality Traits:

Fashion designer should have self-confidence, ambition, adaptability, an eye for detail, flair for anticipating new trends and exceptional business flair or unlimited capital. For the fashion designer certain other traits are-manual dexterity, visual imagination, sense of colour, a photographic memory for details, sufficient technical ability to grasp the intricacies of cutting, creative genius, ability for working in a group and willingness to do routine boring work during training period,ability to draw beautifully is not necessary, but basic aptitude for visual expression-drawing, painting, exploring colour and texture is important for fashion designing.

Courses/Training:

The courses include Graduate, Post graduate, Certificate and Diploma in the following areas:

• Accessory designing and fashion designing
• Garment Manufacturing Technology
• Apparel marketing and Merchandising
• Leather and Garment Design and Technology
• Knitwear Design and Technology
• Textile Design and Development
• Fashion Journalism and Presentation

Training:

The training also includes internship in an organisation which gives the students industry functions. Training is usually imparted keeping in mind the demands of the international market. Most training institutes have the latest technologies including laboratories, workshops, design and research centres, libraries, computers and information about the latest development in the industry. Prominent institutes in Fashion Technology are National institute of Fashion technology (NIFT), National Institute of Design (NID), International Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi (IIFT); IEC School of Art and Fashion, New Delhi; Indian Institute of Art and Fashion Technology (IIAFT), Mumbai; Pearl Academy of fashion, New Delhi; J.D Institute of fashion Technology, New Delhi.

Eligibility:

Minimum eligibility for the Undergraduate course in this field is 10+2 with 50% marks and for Post Graduate courses graduation. In the prominent institutes, admission is strictly on merit- through written test, situation test, group discussion and interview. These courses are aimed at understanding concepts related to costume, jewellery, leather goods and many other similar products where fashion matters.

While 10+2 is sufficient for Accessory designing and Fashion Designing, Graduates are preferred for other courses

Placements And Prospects:

The candidates after successful completion of the course can find excellent placements in garment, leather and jewellery industry as merchandising executives, fashion designers, illustrators, fashion co-coordinators, etc. Export houses, textile mills, garment store chains, boutiques, leather companies, jewellery houses, fashion show organisers also look for such candidates. Fashion professionals are working on their own or they attached to fashion houses or garment export units, to the film industry,to the theatre or to electronic media.

Flairs is an important quality for professionals in fashion industry , whether it is in discipline of design or in marketing, fashion forecasting, organising and staging of shows, fashion coordination, communication or management.

The fashion industry is full of glamour but there is a lot of hard work. it offers tremendous creative satisfaction, frame and money too. Many successful professionals in the industry have come up without formal training but training is important today as the business becomes competitive day by day. success in the world of fashion is linked to flair, initiative and enterprise.

Challenges:

• Consumerism – Consumers demand variety and new products. Consider fast fashion apparel. Consumers want to see the red carpet outfit of their favourite celebrity in the racks and online within days or weeks. This means an exponential growth in collections, product ranges, SKUs, and packaging options, all of which can put pressure on the supply chain and create complexity in product development, sourcing, planning, production, and fulfillment.
• Brand Sensitivity – Brand Loyalty – If the supply chain fails to deliver, it’s the brand’s name that is impacted. A number of variables can effect a brand’s quality or name. If items are consistently out of stock, people will shop elsewhere. If product quality is not up to scratch then people will shop elsewhere and complain on social media. If a brand is reported for treating workers unfairly then people may shop elsewhere and criticise the brand on social media and tell their friends.
• Sustainability – Today’s big brands need to be seen implementing some form of sustainability strategy. Consumers are hyper aware of how retailers and brands operate regarding their water consumption, waste disposal, acceptable labour practices, health and safety standards, treatment of workers, etc. If a brand’s name is related to any of these topics in a negative way, it will be effected.
• Inventory Intelligence – Fashion retailers and brands are forever contending with the very volatile issue of seasonality – having to ramp up inventories and then deplete them in a time-sensitive manner. There are certain things we can control and others that we can’t, like the weather. If a summer hasn’t been hot enough fashion retailers will find themselves slashing prices and diluting margins trying to get rid of stock that isn’t selling, and in parallel bringing on the apparel that wasn’t due out on the shelves until later in the season. Stock visibility, inventory intelligence, and operational agility to quickly change tack in a timely manner are necessities in today’s fashion supply chain.
• Fashion retail industry depends on economic trends. Economic factors such as increase in personal income, interest rates, and job growth play significant roles in the fashion retail industry and consumer spending. Due to their economic constraints, consumers are more vigilant about the prices set on each product, and they have easy access to the internet to compare pricing information.

Remuneration:

The best bet for a beginner is to get associated with an established designer or design house, and begin with doing the menial work. Most trainee designers get a stipend of around Rs. 4000, but what you can learn in terms of working knowledge is immense. Working as a part of a design team fetches around Rs.12,000 a month.

A Fashion Designer earns an average salary of Rs 358,011 per year. Experience strongly influences pay for this job. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 10 years in this career. The highest paying skills associated with this job are Graphic Design, Adobe Illustrator, Illustration, and Fashion Designer.

Bibliography:

Indicareer.com. (2017). Fashion, Fashion Design, Fashion Career. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/Fashion/India-Career-Fashion.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Career-options and Bean, M. (2017). Fashion—> Career-options. [online] Allexampaper.blogspot.in. Available at: http://allexampaper.blogspot.in/2013/10/fashion-career-options.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Beswick, L. (2017). The Top 5 Challenges in the Fashion and Apparel Industry. [online] GT Nexus. Available at: http://www.gtnexus.com/resources/blog-posts/top-5-challenges-fashion-apparel-supply-chains [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Gugnani, A. and Chhillar, S. (2017). Challenges for fashion retail in India – Indiaretailing.com. [online] Indiaretailing.com. Available at: http://www.indiaretailing.com/2016/06/20/fashion/challenges-fashion-retail-india/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Das, A. (2017). Career in Fashion Design Part – 1 | Viral Fashion Life. [online] Viralfashion.life. Available at: http://viralfashion.life/2017/06/11/career-in-fashion-design-part-1-5/ [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

If you are one of those who love to be in the world of fashion and glamour and at the same time be creative, you are apt for a career in fashion choreography. Fashion choreography is also known as Catwalk Choreography. As the fashion industry evolves, it creates more opportunities for specialisation and super-specialisation. Career in fashion does not mean merely dealing in clothes but designing, manufacture and merchandise of accessories such as jewellery, bags, footwear as well. Broadly it includes related careers such as Fashion choreography, Fashion photography, Fashion journalism etc. Careers in the beauty business and modelling is also closely related to the fashion industry.

Those with talent can enter the fashion industry by stepping into fashion shows as a Fashion Choreographer. A career in fashion choreography is about showcasing the designer’s dream on stage in the best possible manner.

Fashion/ Catwalk Choreography focuses on training models to present the clothes in an appealing and professional manner. Fashion choreography consists of various movement patterns that are followed by models on the ramp and these steps are matched with a piece music selected by the designer which adds rhythm to the walk. Fashion/ catwalk choreographers play a crucial role in the cadence, theme, feel and design of fashion runway shows. Fashion choreographer is basically the show director. He or she has to teach the models to walk along with the music that is to be played for a fashion show or an event, in a way that not only looks aesthetically appealing but also glamorous and chic. It can make or break an entire fashion show. Today, designers are keen on hiring talented choreographers because they know that choreographers are essential to ensure the success of their shows

Eligibility:

Educational

The minimum eligibility criterion to pursue a career in Fashion Choreography is the successful completion of 10+2 in any discipline. The basic requirement to be in this field is creative talent. There are no such specific courses to enter this field. One can make a start in this field by assisting a choreographer who is already established in the industry. However if you’re interested in a career in fashion choreography, a bachelor’s or master’s degree in Fashion is likely to be very helpful.

Personal attributes:

Being a creative career, a choreographer must be creative and have a keen sense of colour, style etc. He should have good communications skills in order to explain to the models what is required of them. They must have an inherent sense of rhythm and fashion. A choreographer needs to be diplomatic, calm and confident. He should also be able to solve every problem that crops up during the successful execution of the show. They should be able to deal with pressure and work for long hours even at odd timings.

Institutes:

• Shaimak Davar’s Institute of Performing Arts
• Danceworx Performing Arts Academy of Ashley Lobo
• Kasber’s Dance Academy, Mumbai
• JK Dance Company Private Limited
• ISOMES ITA School of Performing Arts, Noida
• The ITA School of Performing Arts
• Sangeet Natak Akademi in New Delhi

Job Prospects & Career Options:

The world of fashion is a wide field with lots of opportunities. From designers to fashion brands, all hire Catwalk Choreographers to make their show a hit. Fashion shows have now become a frequent event and a source of entertainment, that it has led to an increase in the scope for Fashion choreographers. No college day is complete without a fashion show, and even corporate events these days have fashion shows.

The success of a fashion show is in the hands of a fashion choreographer. Once the designer has explained the collection and the presentation idea to the choreographer, it is the choreographer’s job to plan and execute every step to make the show a success. A fashion choreographer normally looks into every detail of the show, from the ambience decor, stage and ramp design, lighting effects, audio visuals, music, models, make up and hair styling to the outfits each model should wear. They must plan the fashion show in such a way that the designer’s clothes are properly highlighted and creates anticipation among the audience.

Style is an individual aspect. No two people can have exactly the same style because every person has a unique style of their own. Hence the style in which the choreographer presents a show must be unique. It must be different from the way he/she presented the earlier shows

Fashion choreographers often work very closely with a team of creative professionals, such as designers, models, stylists and photographers. They can form their own group or even work with other troupes. One could start off by assisting an established choreographer. As one gains experience and reputation in the industry, he/she can work independently as a freelancer. Fashion Choreographers also have the option of starting schools and teaching techniques of choreography. The future is extremely bright for those who have established a base in this field as fashion shows and events are common these days. Designers as well as dealers of branded items hire fashion choreographers to present their products to the world. One can also work with modelling companies, where he/ she can teach models the art of cat walking.

While a career in fashion choreography is an exciting option for many, there are some drawbacks to working in this industry like in any other career. Fashion choreographers often have to work extremely long hours and within strict budgets. He has to satisfy the needs and criteria of designers, model and even the clients.

Challenges:

• Fashion choreography is not about dance but about the perfect catwalk. The main duty of a Fashion choreographer is to train models to walk on the ramp with music in an appealing manner which is difficult.
• Career in fashion choreography is about showcasing the designer’s dream on stage in the best possible manner. A single mistake can affect the the designer and his/her brand.
• Designers are keen on hiring talented choreographers because they know that choreographers are essential to ensure the success of their shows so the they have a huge responsibility.

Remuneration:

The salary package in this field varies in terms of skills and experience gained during the course of pursuance of the profession. Catwalk Choreography is indeed a fulfilling career that can fetch you great perks as you are sure of constant customers. With a good reputation one can command a high income. A well established choreographer can demand while a beginner has to satisfy with what he gets.

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Fashion Choreography : Career Options | Fashion Choreography Careers and Courses in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/beauty_fashion/fashion_choreography/intro.htm [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Indianmirror.com. (2017). Career Option in Choreography Industry, Jobs, Careers in Choreography Courses, Management, Institutes in India. [online] Available at: http://www.indianmirror.com/career/choreography.html [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Univariety.com. (2017). What exactly is fashion choreography? What all colleges offer fashion choreography? What exactly do we have to do to become a fashion choreographer? And is joining some reputed dance class enough to become a fashion choreographer or do we have to necessarily get admission in some college? – Univariety Discussion Forum. [online] Available at: https://www.univariety.com/qa/1151/choreography-fashion%C2%A0choreography-choreographer-choreographer [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

India which has always been a centre for the textile and garment trade is also growing into a centre of innovation in garment and accessory design. Fashion technology has a wide scope for choosing a career. Now the fashion industry has become so specialized that it encompasses a vast field of studies in design, concept management, design production management, quality control, planning,

fabric design, printing, fashion accessory design, fashion merchandising, textile science, colour mixing, marketing and so on.

The primary areas of work in the fashion industry are market research, designing and manufacturing of garments and textiles.

Fashion design is the most important area of work in fashion industry. Designing involves creating original designs after studying the changing trends of the market i.e market research. It has various fields of specialisation like garments, footwear, jewellery and even luggage. It is a challenging field as it requires the coordination of various jobs, in small concerns it is usually a one man show but in big organisations the jobs are specialised and allotted to different people.

Manufacturing involves purchasing textiles and fabrics required for the design and making the garment according to the master pattern. Manufacturing process requires employment of a large number of trained personnel.

Eligibility & Course Areas:

Minimum eligibility for the Undergraduate course in this field is 10+2 with 50% marks and for Post Graduate courses graduation. In the prominent institutes, admission is strictly on merit- through written test, situation test, group discussion and interview. These courses are aimed at understanding concepts related to costume, jewellery, leather goods and many other similar products where fashion matters.

The courses include Graduate, Post graduate, Certificate and Diploma in the following areas:

• Accessory designing and fashion designing

• Garment Manufacturing Technology

• Apparel marketing and Merchandising

• Leather and Garment Design and Technology

• Knitwear Design and Technology

• Textile Design and Development

• Fashion Journalism and Presentation

While 10+2 is sufficient for Accessory designing and Fashion Designing, Graduates are preferred for other courses.

The training also includes internship in an organisation which gives the students industry functions. Training is usually imparted keeping in mind the demands of the international market. Most training institutes have the latest technologies including laboratories, workshops, design and research centres, libraries, computers and information about the latest development in the industry.

Institutes:

• Inter National Institute of Fashion Design, (INIFD) Delhi
• International Institute of Fashion Design, (INIFD) Chandigarh
• National Institute of Fashion Technology, (NIFT) Delhi
• National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Navi Mumbai
• National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Kolkata
• National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Hyderabad
• National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) Gandhinagar
• Northern India Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Mohali
• Indian Institute of Fashion Technology (IIFT), Bangalore
• Global Institute of Fashion Technlogy (GIFT), Kolkata
• B D Somani Institute of Art and Fashion Technology, Mumbai
• Vogue Institute of Fashion Technology, Bangalore
• Pearl Academy of Fashion, Delhi
• National Institute of Design, (NID) Ahmadabad
• JD Institute of Fashion Technology, Mumbai
• J.D. Institute of Fashion Technology, Delhi
• School of Fashion Technology, Pune
• FAD International, Pune
• Symbiosis Institute of Design (SID) Pune
• Pinnacle Institute of Fashion Technology (PIFT), Ludhiana

Job Prospects & Career Options:

The candidates after successful completion of the course can find excellent placements in garment, leather and jewellery industry as merchandising executives, fashion designers, illustrators, fashion co-coordinators, etc. Export houses, textile mills, garment store chains, boutiques, leather companies, jewellery houses, fashion show organisers also look for such candidates

Fashion Designing

Fashion designers develop new styles and products for clothing apparel and accessories by creating original designs or by adapting fashions to suit local conditions, trends and buyers. They are the ones who approve final samples before they go into production. The designer begins the designing process only after thorough market research, i.e., understanding the needs of the client/market in terms of changing trends, budget etc. Accessory Designers specialize in designing shoes, bags, scarves, jewellery, ties, etc which complete the look of the garment.

Personal Attributes:

Fashion designers need to be artistic, creative and must posses ability to translate ideas in sketches, must have keen sense of colour i.e. combination of shades and tones, visual imagination & knowledge of market trends.

Educational Qualification:

Basic qualification for a course in fashion designing is 10+2, it varies depending on the course chosen.

Job Prospectus:

They can find employment with professional designers as apprentices, with manufacturing units, export houses, boutiques, media as costume designers, freelancing for fashion houses and boutiques and at the same time it is a rewarding possibility for self employment by opening your own boutique.

Fashion coordinators arrange and supervise the marketing of fashion clothing for manufacturing houses, textile firms and retail stores. It is a highly competitive job involving a variety of functions. They advice on latest fashion trends, organise fashion shows, assist in advertising i.e. promoting sales and liaison with fabric dealers to ensure that the fabric, buttons and colours are of the correct shade, quality and design. Coordinates may be required to travel widely to get an idea of the fashion trends.

Personal Attributes:

Must have high level of artistic and creative talents, a natural flair for fashion, sound judgement, excellent communication and organisational skills.

Illustrator draw free hand sketches of designers ideas. They not only need outstanding sketching skills but at the same time requires excellent communication skills. Illustrator at times has to discuss with customers when new collection is introduced and this requires ability to interact.

He/she is a much sought-after person by big garment houses and organisations.

Fashion Consultant must be aware of the trends and transitions in the fashion market along with knowledge about fashion designing. They are expected to offer ideas regularly on how to further develop a product to be readily absorbed in a market. He/she should be a sharp observer sensitive to changing trends.

Cutting Assistants have to cut samples according to specifications of the designer. A cutting assistant cuts samples, makes and alters patterns to see that the design visualised can be converted to a real dress.

Sketching Assistants make the technical sketches of the garments and makes drawings for presentation. It is from this specification sketches one decide how a garment has to be fabricated. The sketching assistant sometimes have to the select the fabric also.

Fashion Stylist has to coordinate the entire wardrobe for a fashion show or programme to promote the sales of the products. It involves coordinating the dress, accessories, make up, hairstyle, even the colour of the nail polish of the model according to the theme and the overall look of the show. Sometimes a stylist is even involved in fabric selection. He/ she has to be well versed in the trends and happenings in the industry and also have a keen sense of current fashion trends.

Textile Designing:

Textile Designer or Fabric Designer : designs woven, knitted or printed fabrics for clothing and other home ware items like carpets, tableware etc. They treat the yarn through different types of processes to give it a particular finish. The textile designer also make drawings of initial concepts and work with various yarns and fabrics taking into account the final use of the fabric by translating the designs into marketable fabrics.

Textile designers work within and alongside industries such as fashion, interior design, and textiles. They may also work under professional designers or as freelance designers working with a client base.

Colourist play a vital role in the textile-printers, artist team. They are involved in block printing or machine printing. They must keep a record of colour samples and fabric pieces and have to work in a high paced environment, to meet deadlines. The colorist has to be very organised and must carefully follow precise instructions.

The other career options in textile designing are weavers, embroidery designers, dying & printing consultant, fabric analyser, textile lab manager, fabric resource manager etc.

Apparel Merchandising:

Fashion Merchandisers are mainly responsible for marketing. He/she has to study past and current sales data and analyse trends. They have to collect specifications from the buyers, coordinate with fashion designers and production team to develop a product which meets market requirement. They must have knowledge of fashion trends, textures, materials and colours on one hand and understanding of market demand and the production processes on the other. At the same time have analytical ability and communication skills.

They can find employment with garment industries, export houses, manufacturing firms etc.

Visual merchandising a comparatively new career field which has sprung up with the growing popularity of window and floor displays. Visual merchandisers main area of work is to create impressive window displays. They can find employment with fashion boutiques, shopping malls, emporia etc. They are also engaged as shop floor managers. They can also do freelancing on contract basis for window displays in exhibitions, fairs and other places.

Other career options under this head are production coordinator, quality control supervisor, fashion retailer, export manager etc.

Fashion Journalism and Presentation:

Fashion Journalist is an overall in-charge of a fashion magazine. It is through them that the general public gets to know the latest fashion trends.

He/she should have excellent taste for fashion and keep themselves abreast with latest fashion news, consumer reaction to new collections, fashion shows, current and future trends in colour, design and fabric. Today fashion journalist has a bright scope for employment as there is a need for exclusive articles and programmes with the development of fashion industry.

Fashion Photography is an extremely creative and well paid profession. Fashion photographer needs to have a keen eye for aesthetic detail, a thorough knowledge of cameras and the technicalities involved in taking pictures, of light, distance and perspective to be successful. He/she should be inventive and able to visualise and communicate his ideas, at the same time must be sensitive to the moods of the models and interact freely with them. Fashion photography is one of the choices that photographers can diversify into. They can do freelancing and find employment with fashion houses, designers, fashion journals and news papers.

Modelling If you have an attractive and outgoing personality and good communication skills, you can opt for modelling. Modelling is a highly paid job and is categorised into live modelling and photographic modelling. Live modelling is what we see in fashion shows, exhibitions where models display clothes and accessories for potential customers. Photographic or still modelling is taking photographs for Magazines, newspapers, catalogues and films for advertisements. One must take care to maintain their figure and looks, as modelling is a highly competitive field. Good looks, height, an attractive physique combined with self confidence and a trendy approach to life goes a long way to make a model popular. In addition they should be highly photogenic. Patience and the ability to stand criticism are vital for survival and progress.

Models can find employment with designers, in design houses, advertisement firms etc.

Fashion Stylist has to coordinate the entire wardrobe for a fashion show or programme to promote the sales of the products. It involves coordinating the dress, accessories, make up, hairstyle, even the colour of the nail polish of the model according to the theme and the overall look of the show. Sometimes a stylist is even involved in fabric selection. He/she has to be well versed in the trends and happenings in the industry and also have a keen sense of current fashion trends.

Challenges:

• Brand awareness and publicity does NOT equal sales. Established retailers often do not want to buy from new designers until they have a sales track record. Also large retailers have many more regulations (ship dates, markdown money requests, labelling, packing ). Many designers LOSE money selling to certain retailers.
• Also a “creative” designer, doesn’t always have the experience in fitting. Even if a designer makes a gorgeous dress, that is useless if it doesn’t fit or look good on actual customers. Invest in good patternmakers, tech team and grading.
• Many of the trendy and famous designers are struggling with getting actual appointments with buyers. Unless you already have relationships with many buyers, this will be a big challenge. Otherwise, you could invest in your own retail stores, but that is another challenge altogether.
• Designing a collection that speaks to those customers. The better your collection fits with the customers’ lifestyle and culture, the better chances the brand has to actually sell.
• Competition on price
• Competition on awareness
• A flooded market where it is difficult to innovate

Remuneration:

The best bet for a beginner is to get associated with an established designer or design house, and begin with doing the menial work. Most trainee designers get a stipend of around Rs. 4000, but what you can learn in terms of working knowledge is immense. Working as a part of a design team fetches around Rs.12,000 a month.

A Fashion Designer earns an average salary of Rs 358,011 per year. Experience strongly influences pay for this job. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 10 years in this career. The highest paying skills associated with this job are Graphic Design, Adobe Illustrator, Illustration, and Fashion Designer.

Useful Links :

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/prospects-fashion-designer-major-challenges-faces-mushi-bhuiyan

http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Fashion_Designer/Salary

Bibliography:

Myklassroom.com. (2017). What is Textiles Fashion Technology and what do Textiles Fashion Technology students do? : MyKlassRoom. [online] Available at: https://www.myklassroom.com/Engineering-branches/58/Textiles-Fashion-Technology [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Educational Qualification for Fashion Designing Careers : Career Options in Fashion Designing | Fashion Designing Careers and Courses in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/beauty_fashion/fashion_designing/eligibility.htm [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Maafoundation.org. (2017). Career – Maafoundation.org. [online] Available at: http://www.maafoundation.org/index.php?nuser=career&id=22 [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-biggest-challenges-facing-fashion-designers-today-when-selling-an-item-How-do-up-and-coming-fashion-designers-market-their-products [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Payscale.com. (2017). Fashion Designer Salary (India). [online] Available at: http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Fashion_Designer/Salary [Accessed 16 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Film is probably the broadest and most varied creative opportunity in mass media. Films, a blend of creativity and technicality are an important media, not only for entertainment and information, but also for communication. Films, the most international medium, has developed into a universal art form that transcends cultural differences. Film making include feature films, documentaries, newsreels, Promotional films, TV commercials, music Videos etc.

The craft of film making is a teamwork which needs close coordination of various skilled individuals. It involves acting, directing, producing, script writing, cinematography, sound recording, visual mixing, editing and so on. A film maker like the captain of a ship has to look at all these aspects of film making. He has to start at the very bottom and work his way up. i.e. beginning with raising capital for the film to its distribution, screening as well as all the stages of its crafting.

The field of film making which is highly competitive is one that has a lot of scope for employment opportunities especially, India which releases a large number of films every year. If one has artistic and technical skills and at the same time ability to express ideas, this is the right field for you. Even for acting and directing, which are basically creative fields that require inherent talent, training helps to hone the skills. In areas like cinematography, sound engineering and editing, professional training is essential. There are several universities institutions that offer training in these areas. The pioneering institute in this line is the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune.

Eligibility & Course Areas:

Educational Qualification: For technical courses basic eligibility is 10+2. For other courses it is graduation. There will be aptitude tests and interviews to assess the candidates talents.

Duration of courses depends on the course one opts for and the institution chosen. There are Diploma, Post Diploma and even Certificate courses in each area of specialisation. Specialisation areas include production, direction, editing, cinematography, film processing, animation, acting, sound engineering, make up, photography and so on.

Institutes:

• Film and Television Institute of India, Pune
• Satyajit Ray Film and Television Institute (SRFTI) Kolkata
• The National Institute of Design (NID) Ahmadabad
• K. R. Narayanan National Institute of Visual Science and Arts (KRNNIVSA)
• Biju Pattanaik Film & Television Institute of Odisha
• Government Film and Television Institute, Bangalore
• L.V Prasad Film Institute, Chennai and Trivandrum

Top 15 colleges in India offers film making courses

Top 15 Film Schools in India

Personal Attributes:

Artistic flair, ability to work cooperatively, sense of responsibility, ability to work under pressure, great physical stamina, strong visual sense, good communication

skills and for production and direction; leadership qualities, ability to bring out talent in others, creative instincts as well as managerial and administrative abilities are essential

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Job Prospects

Candidates can find employment with Film Studios, Production Companies, Advertising Agencies, Government Department, which make films or start their own venture as producer, director, editors, cameramen, soundmen, lighting crews, assistants and so on.

Careers in films can be those related to the actual production of the film and those related to the film field such as a Film critic, Film archivist, Film curator, Film distributor etc.

Production: Production involves too many responsibilities, sheer hardwork and anxiety after the release whether the hard work put in was worth it. Usually the production team is the first to arrive on the sets and the last to leave.

• Producer: He is the over-all in charge of a film. Producer is responsible right from raising finance up to marketing the film. He is the decision making authority in all matters, plans and manages the technical and artistic resources. It is he who decides the story, obtain legal permission, hires the director, actors, decides the crew and the location etc. Production Manager and Production Assistants help the Producer in his job. The producer’s role is sometimes combined with that of directing. Post graduates in Mass Communication or diploma holders from the Film and Television Institutes can enter as professionals. But it is not a must. Personally he should have good communication skills, patience and stamina. He should also have a through knowledge and experience in the film industry and entrepreneurial ability to succeed.
• Production Manager: The production manager shoulders the delegated responsibility for the overall organisation of the film. He is responsible for the technical pre-planning of productions and for coordinating the crew, cast and scenery within a prescribed budget.
• Production Assistant: He acts as the coordinator while the producer or director is doing his artistic thing. It is the production assistant who actually make everything happen as planned. He handles all the administrative work, such as booking hotels and flights for the crew, arranging shooting schedules etc. and he is also responsible for keeping records of film sequences, scripts, call sheets and daily reports.

Direction

• Director: He is responsible for the management of all the creative aspects that go into the making of a film. These are the people who make the unreal real–who turn the pages of a script into reality on the screen. The director is in complete charge of the studio or location floor and controls the film artistically. He decides the camera angle and directs the work of the cast and crew, costumes, choreography and music, conduct rehearsals etc.
• Assistant Director: They ensure all the timely arrangement of things that are required for the shoot. There can be one or more assistant directors, depending upon the film budget.

Editing, Acting & Animation

• Editor: The work of an film editor requires great skill, it is he who puts the film in correct sequential order. He views processed film and video with production personnel to analyse, evaluate and select scenes and to determine which scenes need to be improved or re-shot. He synchronises the sound track and adds special effects wherever necessary. Degree in film direction and editing or professional experience is required.
• Screenplay writer: Screen play writer rewrites the original story, on which the film is based, in a format suitable for the screen. A graduate or postgraduate degree in literature with proficiency in creative writing can become a screen play writer.
• Actor: An actor should have an ability to emote well and become the character he represents in the film. They are the ones who come in direct contact with the masses and the most appreciated. Actors need a great deal of patience and commitment because most productions require long rehearsal schedules and retakes. Acting is a highly competitive profession and lot of talent, mettle as well as luck is needed to make it to the top and create a place for themselves in the field. A screen presence and a good physical appearance are additional attributes to be successful in the field. Even though formal training is not a necessity, a graduate/post graduate degree in acting will help to sharpen skills and give exposure.
• Animator: Animation films are created by filming sequences of drawings or computer graphics and processing them at high speed so that they appear to be moving. Animation graphics are used in action films to stimulate real events. Animators use their drawing skills to create moving images and effects for feature films, TV commercials, and short features. Drawing skills are crucial for all animators, and technical and computer training are integrated into the professional training. Personally, they must be artistically inclined, imaginative, skilful and practical, able to generate new ideas and put those ideas into sketches. One can work as an animator for Cartoons, feature-length movies, TV commer cials or motion graphics, multimedia or as a game designer. Proficiency in graphic software’s or a graduate or postgraduate degree in Fine arts, Applies Arts, Graphic Design, Animation Design, Visual Communication Design etc is helpful in getting into this field. The basic qualification for training in this field is 10+2/ equivalent.

Light & Sound

• Cinematographer: He is responsible for composing each scene to be shot, decides lighting and camera angles as per directors requirement. He leads the camera/lighting team and is involved in the planning and execution of a shoot from the pre-production stage. Job requires high technical knowledge and experience in the field. In big units lighting technician may work out the lighting plan for each shot.
• Cameraman: The cameraman handles the camera and the camera assistants collaborate with him. The Cameraman operates the camera according to the instructions of the Cinematographer. Good technical ability and knowledge of cameras and lenses is essential.
• Lighting Technician/Operator: Lighting is used to change the mood of a scene or to indicate practical aspects such as day or night. Lighting technician arranges all the lighting effects. They determine light needed during each shot.
• Soundmen: Responsible for all sounds or effects that accompany visual images (Sound Mixing). The work includes recording, dubbing and mixing of music, dialogues and other sound effects. The Sound Mixer or Sound Engineer puts together the various elements of the sound track and edits it to give it a final shape. The Sound Recordist works under the Sound Mixer and ensures proper recording. Degree or diploma in Audiography or Electronics is required. For admission to these courses a Science background at plus two level is preferred.

Film Related Careers

• Film critic: A critic needs to be well read, have adequate knowledge and experience in his respective field. Only persons having good knowledge about the particular subject/art can authoritatively write about the subject. He has to interview filmmakers and actors, covers local developments in the film business, and attend film festivals from time to time. Reading significant histories and biographies, understanding critical theory of film, and becoming familiar with the history of film arts are keys to success as a critic.
• Film Archivist: Archivists are involved with the collection, arrangement and provision and preservation of archives. Archives include official documents, photographs, maps, audio-visual material and any other information-bearing media that contains valuable historical information of individuals, companies, government departments and other organisations. An archivist can be a Film Archivist, Reference Archivist, Photographic Archivist, Appraisal Archivist, Manuscript Librarian etc. A graduate or postgraduate degree in one of more of the areas like history, art history, anthropology, archaeology, Latin, English literature, public administration, politics, law or economics or a postgraduate degree in Library and Information Studies; Museum, Gallery and Archives Management and Information Management is essential to get into this field. Archivists need to have good communication skills, analytical and research skills, an eye for detail, problem-solving skills and organisational ability, Knowledge of different databases and , Archivists need to be patient, accurate, thorough and able to make good judgements about what information to keep. They should work in a well organised and methodical manner, be able to keep information private and work well under pressure.

Challenges:

• Nepotism: Not just Bollywood, but Nepotism is a serious problem for every industry in our country. With a population of over one billion, Indians prefer to get their relatives placed in their line of work.
• Bollywood as a Brand: Unlike Hollywood, Bollywood is not a name that brings respect. In fact, Bollywood is deemed as a sardonic term worldwide, mostly used in parodies or themes for parties. India is yet to establish itself as a serious and sincere brand of films. Most of our films are considered musical (which they are not), and we as an audience seem to be not bothered about it.
• Censor Board: Perhaps the biggest hurdle faced by the sensible films in India. Censor Board has been turned into a useless machinery that is infected by a horde of problems. From political entities influencing the decisions — to corruption and plain and simple arrogance
• Lack of Good Scripts: This is the root cause of all problems. Every film is doomed without a good script.
• Producers: Producers are the spine of any film making industry. Contrary to the popular belief, it’s not the audience that decides- what kind of films are made in an industry, but the producers of that locale. However, the majority of Indian producers like to play safe, and in order to do so, they do not shy away from employing old formulas and cliches. It is difficult to get producer to invest in your idea.
• Piracy: A worldwide issue, Piracy has been eating into the revenues since home media was invented.

Remuneration:

Earnings of workers in the motion picture production and distribution industry vary, depending on education and experience, type of work, union affiliation, and duration of employment. Salaries for directors vary widely. Producers seldom get a set salary; instead, they get a percentage of a show’s earnings or ticket sales.

Bibliography:

• Examguesspapers.Com – This Website Is For Sale! – Examguesspapers Resources And Information..” Examguesspapers.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.
• “Edulife.” Edulife.in. N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.
• Saha, Dibakar et al. “Home Page- Filmmaking Resources Website.” Filmmakers Fans. N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.
• Film And Television Institute Of India.” Ftiindia.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.
• ” Nanachan.tv. N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.
• N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Film Production ? This section features Film Production as a career options in India, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Film is probably the broadest and most varied creative opportunity in mass media. Films, a blend of creativity and technicality are an important media, not only for entertainment and information, but also for communication. Films, the most international medium, has developed into a universal art form that transcends cultural differences. Film making include feature films, documentaries, newsreels, Promotional films, TV commercials, music Videos etc.

The craft of film making is a teamwork which needs close coordination of various skilled individuals. It involves acting, directing, producing, script writing, cinematography, sound recording, visual mixing, editing and so on. A film maker like the captain of a ship has to look at all these aspects of film making. He has to start at the very bottom and work his way up. i.e. beginning with raising capital for the film to its distribution, screening as well as all the stages of its crafting.

The field of film making which is highly competitive is one that has a lot of scope for employment opportunities especially, India which releases a large number of films every year. If one has artistic and technical skills and at the same time ability to express ideas, this is the right field for you. Even for acting and directing, which are basically creative fields that require inherent talent, training helps to hone the skills. In areas like cinematography, sound engineering and editing, professional training is essential. There are several universities institutions that offer training in these areas. The pioneering institute in this line is the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII), Pune.

Personality Traits:

Artistic flair, ability to work cooperatively, sense of responsibility, ability to work under pressure, great physical stamina, strong visual sense, good communication skills and for production and direction, leadership qualities, ability to bring out talent in others, creative instincts as well as managerial and administrative abilities are essential.

Courses/Training:

There are specialised courses for all aspects of film making in which students are exposed to various types of equipment and the latest techniques of film production. What is taught in a professional training programme has to be refined upon by hardcore practical experience.

Film and Television

• Courses in Audio Engineering
• Courses in Digital Film Making
• Courses in Media Technology
• Certificate Courses
• Certificate Course In Acting
• Certificate Course In Film Direction, Cinematography, Audiography and Editing
• Certificate Course In Production and Direction
• Certificate Course In Professional Videography
• Certificate Course In Sound Recording and Reproduction
• Diploma Courses
• Diploma In Acting
• Diploma In Audio and Video Production
• Diploma In Cinematography
• Diploma In Direction
• Diploma In Direction and Screen Play Writing
• Diploma In Direction, Acting, Videography, Film Editing
• Diploma In Dramatic Arts
• Diploma In Film Directing, Film Acting
• Diploma In Film Direction, Cinematography, Audiography and Editing
• Diploma In Film Editing
• Diploma In Film Making
• Diploma In Film Processing
• Diploma In Film Studies
• Diploma In Freehand Animation
• Diploma In Fundamental and Audio Visual Education
• Diploma In Motion Picture Photography
• Diploma In Photography
• Diploma In Production
• Diploma In Professional Photography
• Diploma In Scenic Design
• Diploma In Sound Recording and Sound Engineering
• Diploma In Video Camera and Lighting Diploma In Video Editing and Sound Recording
• Post Graduate Courses
• Post Diploma In Acting
• Post Diploma In Film Direction
• Post Graduate Course In Cinema Studies
• Post Graduate Diploma In Video Production
• Other Courses
• B.A (Hons) with Film Studies
• B.A in Film Studies
• Basic Course In Film and Television
• Bachelor Of Theatre Arts
• Course In Acting and Camera
• Course In Audio and Visual Education
• Course In Video Editing
• Film Appreciation Course In Cinema
• Master’s Degree In Cinema Studies
• Programme In Film Studies

Eligibility:

For technical courses basic eligibility is 10+2. For other courses it is graduation. There will be aptitude tests and interviews to assess the candidates talents. Duration of courses depends on the course one opts for and the institution chosen. There are Diploma, Post Diploma and even Certificate courses in each area of specialisation. Specialisation areas include production, direction, editing, cinematography, film processing, animation, acting, sound engineering, make up, photography and so on.

Placements & Prospects:

There is a lot of scope for employment in the film making line in India. Candidates can find employment with Film Studios, Production Companies, Advertising Agencies, Government Department, which make films or start their own venture as producer, director, editors, cameramen, sound men, lighting crews, assistants and so on.

Jobs in feature film production are almost entirely freelance because of that obtaining qualifications is no guarantee of employment. Entry in the film industry is largely haphazard. Only those with flair, perseverance, networking skills and the right connections find it easy to get opportunities to prove themselves time and again. Once a person has been able to prove himself/herself there is no limit to the amount he/she can earn.

Challenges:

• Distribution of the film
• Arranging the funds
• Despite the ongoing digitisation of the film industry, piracy continues to be a key issue
• Location specific permissions: Film makers require approvals from authorities in specific locations prior to shooting.
• Other approvals: Filmmakers also need to adhere to certain local laws of the region where shooting is to take place in India. The regulators may be various Municipalities and Municipal Corporations, associations of cinematographer, make-up, hair-dresser, etc., and state legislation.
• Films are viewed before public screening by CBFC which in turn takes a decision of whether or not it should be screened publicly as is, with restricted access, or with certain cuts and alterations. Many a times films are put on hold due to its content.

Remuneration:

The average pay for a Film/TV Producer is Rs 491,561 per year. People in this job generally don’t have more than 20 years’ experience. Experience strongly influences income for this job.

Bibliography:

• “Education In India – Schools And Colleges In India.” Indicareer.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.
• “Get Instant Career Answers From Our Career Experts | Careerguide.Com.” CareerGuide. N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.
• “Home.” Laindiafilmcouncil.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.
• “Payscale – Salary Comparison, Salary Survey, Search Wages.” Payscale.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Fine Arts ? This section features Fine Arts as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Fine Arts focus on painting, Sculpting, applied art, graphic interior design, mural design, mental craft, ceramic design, and pottery-in its various specializations. The field has wide applications in the job market in the present times. A small number of artists are talented enough and have the right type of professional contacts to be able to make a living by painting and sculpting alone. Art as a therapeutic treatment for mentally disturbed persons is sometimes a part of psychiatric social work.

Personality Traits:

Artists should have creative talent, self confidence and perseverance plus an awareness of, and interest in the social environment and community needs, tastes, and customs are useful attributes for artists.

In the business environment, artists should have the ability to work as one of team, to take responsibility as well as criticism, to appreciate economic constraints of clients, to communicate with clients and employers who commission art work without being interested in art themselves, and take interest in all types of assignments.

Courses/Training:

Training in fine arts is usually available in BFA programme which is conducted by more than fifty universities in their colleges. The BFA programme is usually of four to five years duration and may be taken up after successful completion of plus 2 or equivalent examination..

Further professional study in fine arts may be pursued in the form of a master’s degree programme (MFA), usually of two year duration. MFA course is open to BFA graduates. BFA degree holders are also eligible to pursue postgraduate diploma programme at National Institute of Design (NID) at Ahmedabad.

Courses in Fine Arts are:

• Dances
• B.A (Hons) Dance
• B.A Dance
• BFA in Dance
• Certificate Course in Dance
• Certificate course in Music and Dance
• Courses in Kathak
• Diploma in Dance
• M.A Dance
• MFA in Dance
• U.G. Diploma Course in Music and Dance
• Painting
• B.A Painting
• BFA in Painting
• Diploma in Painting
• MFA in Painting
• U.G. Diploma Course in Painting
• Sculpture
• B.A Sculpture
• BFA in Sculpture
• Diploma in Sculpture
• U.G Diploma Course in Sculpture
• U.G. Diploma Course in Fine Arts
• Drama
• Course in Drama
• Music
• B.A (Hons) Music
• B.A (Visual Art/Music/Dance and Drama)
• B.A Music
• BA in Tabla
• BFA in Sitar
• BFA in Tabla
• Certificate course in Music
• Certificate course in Music and Dance
• Certificate course in Music Appreciation and Music
• Degree in Music
• Diploma in Music
• Diploma in Sitar
• Diploma in Tabla
• Diploma Proficiency course in Music
• M.A Music
• M.Phil in Music
• Ph.D in Music
• U.G. Diploma Course in Music and Dance
• Private Dance and Music Schools

Institutes:

• Kala Bhavan (Institute of Fine Arts), Santiniketan
• Faculty of Music and Fine Arts, University of Delhi, Delhi
• Sir J.J Institute of Applied Arts, Mumbai
• Faculty of Visual Arts, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
• College of Art, Delhi
• L.S Raheja School of Art, Mumbai
• Bharti Vidyapeeths Kala Mavidyalaya College of Fine Arts, Pune
• Department of Fine Arts, Kurukshetra University
• University College of Fine Arts, University of Mysore, Mysore
• Department of Fine Arts, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh

Placements & Prospects:

Professionals in fine arts have many avenues open to them depending on their talent, personality and perseverance. Advertising agencies employ fine arts graduates in their creative department as visualisers with good remuneration. The textile industry needs the skill of art professionals to create new designs, keeping in mind emerging tastes and fashions. The electronic media, films and theater productions require newly designed sets all the time for their studios and artists may find a niche there.

The publishing industry which is on the upswing in the country is also employer of skilled artists to design the jackets of new books and also to illustrate them. Graphic arts specialists help out in typography. Artists may design stamps for postal departments and also travel brochures for transport and tourism industry. Teaching, becoming an art critic, writing on art and art therapy and other avenues of remunerative employment for artists.

Prospects of rise and success in the field of fine arts depend on the individuals talent, motivation, interest, awareness of market for their creativity, experience and exposure. Being at right place at right time may change the course of an artist’s career.

Challenges

Lack of career preparation. Many art schools focus almost exclusively on teaching technique, without much emphasis on the practical business skills that artists need to earn a living. Today, anyone who wants to pursue a self-directed career such as art, should know how to promote and market themselves–online and in-person.

Balancing art creation with self-promotion. It can be difficult to focus on creating great art while continuously networking and working to get name recognition. It’s incredibly time-consuming to do both things well.

New sources of competition. Many retiring Baby Boomers are pursuing long-deferred dreams of becoming an artist. Unemployed or underemployed workers are trying to convert their art hobbies into new careers.

Maintaining a career as a fine artist.

You can’t just rely on your innate talent; it’s a good idea to learn new techniques and mature as an artist throughout your career. You could pick up some new skills and add a few more strings to your artistic bow.

You might be able to survive for a while by churning out similar ideas over and over again, but you will need to reinvent yourself, keep loyal art enthusiasts guessing and surprise the public with new and innovative pieces. Your future as a fine artist depends on it!

Remuneration:

The salary will vary depending on the Jobs. A graduate in fine arts can start their career in between Rs. 2 to 3 lacs per annum that depends on the basis of their talent. The salary package will be increased along with experience as well as knowledge. Those peoples want to work in advertising agencies & publishing houses, they can earn attractive compensation of nearly Rs. 4 to 5 lacs per annum. The average annual wage of fine artists in abroad is $58,250.

• “Education In India – Schools And Colleges In India.” Indicareer.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.
• “Graduate Jobs, Internships & School Leaver Jobs | Allaboutcareers.” Allaboutcareers.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.
• Fritsch, Eileen. “Opportunities And Challenges For Fine Artists – Creatives At Work.” Creatives at Work. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.
• “READY RECKONER 2013 RANK In Fine Arts India Today Survey.” Indiatoday.intoday.in. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Graphic Design is the process of visual communication which combines words, images and ideas to present the information to the audience. Graphic Design in simple words, deals with aesthetically creating visual designs with the aid of computer to convey a message to the viewers. In other words, Graphic Design is an artistic and professional discipline that focuses on visual communication and presentation toward the goal of delivering a message or creating a product. Graphic design is a part of marketing campaign that involves visual communication. Graphic design attempt to transmit specific messages by means of appropriate visual material. These messages may be aimed at projecting a certain image of an organisation, transmitting information or promoting a service or product.

Graphic designers or graphic artists plan, analyse, and create visual solutions to communication problems. Graphic designer is a person in the graphic arts who puts together art, text, and other visuals to produce professional printed results. Graphic designers influence how we view the world using colours, illustrations, photos and fonts. A graphic designer creates the graphics primarily for published, printed or electronic media. Graphic designers develop the layout and production design of newspapers, magazines, corporate reports, journals and other publications. They also design the logos, packaging and promotional material that give companies and their products a distinctive identity. Graphic designers find out what their client or organisation is trying to say and who their target audience is and they are able to effectively communicate that through graphic arts.

Graphic design is a part of our life and can be seen around us as long as there is visual advertising. Graphic designers are working behind the scenes to help market products. If we look around us from a magazine to company logos, sign boards and even product packing influence of graphic design is present. Graphic design are also seen in the production of film and television advertisements as well as the design of book covers, calendars, labels, wrappers, letterheads and trademarks.

Graphic Designers may work in their own offices or studios or in clients’ offices. Graphic designers employed by large advertising, publishing, or design firms generally work regular hours in well-lighted and comfortable settings. Designers in smaller design consulting firms and those who freelance generally work on a contract, or job basis. Self employed designers work longer hours or shorter hours according to there convenience and based on the work undertaken or scheduled time.

Educational: A bachelor’s degree in graphic design or fine arts is usually required for most entry-level and advanced graphic design positions. Bachelor’s degree programs in fine arts or graphic design are offered at many colleges, universities, and private design schools. Bachelor course is of 3 years duration and eligibility is 10+2 with a creative bent of mind. There is 1 year Diploma in Visual Communication. There are also 2 years and 1 year program for the candidates who have attained 18 years and with 10+2 education.

Personal attributes:

Creativity is very important factor for a career in design. The more creative a person is, the farther they will go in this field. Graphic designers must possess a combination of skills, including technical, computer and design skills, and the ability to detain audience. The abilities to work independently and under pressure are equally important traits.They must also have visual problem solving ability. Graphic designers must be open to new ideas and influences, and quick to react to changing trends.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Graphic designing as a career is the right choice for you if you love to draw and sketch. Graphic design is a globally universal skill, therefore it is possible for you to work all over the world. Due to tremendous growth of the media industry there is excellent employment options in this career area. If being your own boss appeals to you, then graphic design is a compelling career choice.

There are a variety of graphic design jobs for those interested in this field. You have the freedom to choose which area of graphic design you’d like to pursue based on your talent. Graphic design career opportunities include: creative directors, layout artist, Flash designer, web designer, multimedia designer, logo designer, brand identity designer, prepress technician etc.

Creative directors/Art Director: Creative directors are also called art directors, they are hired by different types of media outlets – particularly advertising agencies, magazines, newspapers and television networks. Art directors manages the team that consist of artists, graphic designers, photographers, copywriters and production staff. These people are the ones who do a lot of the less creative work in a design studio. However, over half of art directors are self-employed or freelance.

Layout artist: Layout Artists are in charge with the structure and layout of images and text for print media such as magazine works, flyers, posters, etc. They are required to have knowledge and experience in using various computer software’s like Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop and Macromedia Freehand. Employment opportunities for layout can be found with advertising agencies, magazine and newspapers, public relations firms, and manufacturers. There is also a strong demand for freelance layout artists or in-house layout artists.

Brand identity Designer: In larger cities, graphic designers can find employment with a company as a brand identity designer. Brand identity designers are responsible for developing products and promotional materials that will mold how the company is viewed by the public. A company’s brand identity can be represented in terms of design through a unique logo, or signage. Brand identity design is what helps consumers remember the company and often what brings them back. The right brand identity design can be one of the company’s strongest marketing tools as it translates the values, and strategic vision of a company into a consistent image that consumers become familiar with.

Logo Designer: Many graphic designers specialise in logo production. They are hired by companies to produce signage, in-office products, and even marketing and promotional materials. A logo is a brand identity image, or a tag of a company or product. A logo is a tangible concept that provides a company with a visual image, and that fosters recognition by consumers. Similar to the brand identity designer, a logo designer works to mold the company’s public image using colour, type, and graphics.

Flash Designers: Some graphic designers design and create websites. They use flash animations, one of the trendiest technology used in web design, to design unique applications for company websites. A Flash designer creates interactive movies using customised effects on text, navigation, animation, video.

Illustrators: Illustrators conceptualise and create illustrations that represent an idea or a story through two-dimensional or three-dimensional images. As an illustrator, you may find employment with magazines, periodicals, book and software publishers, manufacturers, or working with various types of electronic media. There are also opportunities in the motion picture and video industries, and computer game design industry as well. They work as freelance illustrator, and do work in several of these industries on a contract basis.

Web Designer: A graphic designer who specialises in coding can work as a web page or website designer. A web designer creates pages, layout and graphics for web pages. Their main task is to create an aesthetically pleasing and user friendly site. As a web designer, you will make decisions regarding what content is included on a web page, where things are placed, and how the aesthetic and continuity is maintained from one screen to the next.

Multimedia Designer: A Multimedia designer produces sketches, scale models, drawings or plans. Multimedia designers can explore careers in the field of television, audio or film production, as well as set or production design. As a Multimedia designer one can find employment with film studios, television stations, advertising agencies and video production houses. You may also be able to work with live productions such as live theatre and live concerts.

Prepress Technician: Graphic designers are often employed as prepress technicians for magazines and newspapers. Prepress technicians are responsible for several tasks before publications go to print – such as checking for text, layout and other errors, colours and graphic placement, and more. Prepress technicians also find work in desktop publishing. Job prospects in prepress area available in several industries such as traditional printing and publishing, advertising, public relations, graphic design, and business

The career of graphic designer is an exciting one that has many different opportunities, from working for a major corporation to owning your own online graphic design business. The graphic designers get a wide scope in creative media such as electronic media, packaging, film and animation, advertising agencies, marketing firms, design studios, educational institutes, printers and typesetters, exhibits and displays, audio-visual media, publishers, manufacturers and department stores. This is really a flexible career. You can work from the comfort of your own home and you can even use your skills in design to accomplish business projects.

Institutes:

1. NID (National Institute of Design), Ahmedabad
2. IDC, IIT Bombay
3. Pearl Academy, (Delhi, Mumbai, Jaipur)
4. NIFT, Delhi
5. MAEER’S MIT Institute of Design, Pune
6. Srishti School of Art Design and Technology, (Bengaluru, Pune , Trivandrum)
7. Indian School of Design and Innovation, (Mumbai)
8. GD Goenka School of Fashion & Design, (Mumbai)
9. Sir J J Institute of Applied Art, (Mumbai)
10. Delhi College of Art, Delhi

Challenges:

• Constantly evolving industry The graphic design industry evolves in leaps and bounds not only through the various technological advances made in design software, cameras, computers etc., but also through the trends in colours, ideas and customer tastes. A graphic designer needs to be well read, and have the necessary skill sets to adapt easily from one trend to another.
• Managing expectations A graphic designer, unlike a doctor or an engineer, cannot just give one solution to solve a problem, and may need to offer multiple solutions that may suit the taste of a customer. And yet, still expect revisions and changes.
• Striking a Balance The tough part here is to strike the right balance between the creativity that he/she may want to use and the ideas that the customer may have. At the end of the day, everyone wants happy customers.

Remuneration:

Salaries for Graphic designers vary upon their level of responsibility, experience, training and the industry in which they work. Starting salary for freshers is about 7,000 to 10,000. With experience and ability salary increases. The average pay for a Graphic Artist / Designer is Rs 274,572 per year. Most people move on to other jobs if they have more than 10 years’ experience in this career. Experience strongly influences salary for this job. For more details visit: http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Graphic_Artist_%2F_Designer/Salary

Bibliography:

• N.p., 2017. Web. 20 Sept. 2017.
• Ccboe.net. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.
• “Voraka – Create Deliver Measure | Content.” Voraka. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.
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• “Fremont College Cerritos – Online & In Campus Learning Available.” Fremont College. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.
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• “Payscale – Salary Comparison, Salary Survey, Search Wages.” Payscale.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Industrial Designing ? This section features Industrial Designing as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

The aesthetic appeal of a product has become critical to the success of its marketing. Rapid growth in consumer spending and growing competition for sales have motivated manufacturers to see the possibility of designing products which are not only efficient and convenient to use, but also look good. This leads designers to apply art related skills to enhance product appeal. They design a variety of products and materials in such a way that these not only serve the purpose for which they are intended but are visually pleasing as well. Customers’ needs in terms of comfort, aesthetics, efficiency, safety, reliability and economy have to be taken care of. Therefore, these issues that concern product sale-ability has led to creation of a design division in most manufacturing industries.

Designers have technical knowledge appropriate to their discipline, and commercial awareness of markets.

Product design broadly encompasses designing of products such as home appliances, industrial equipment, automobiles, public utility equipment etc. Clothing and fashion, ceramic ware, furniture, are yet other areas where Industrial designers are bringing about revolutionary changes. Visual communication design is a prominent area where designers work.

Personality Traits:

Industrial Designers have to be creative, artistic and imaginative. Clear, logical thinking, ability to analyse requirements and to devise solutions is needed. Visual imagination, ability to express ideas through drawings or models are critical abilities. A good colour sense, appreciation of aesthetics and sensitivity to ergonomics (the study of the relationship between people and their environment) is also required

Courses/Training:

The industrial designer’s professional course is offered by the National Institute of Design at Ahmedabad, which offers 4 years’ professional courses to school leavers and some advanced programmes for graduates .The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) also offers Masters in Industrial Design to Engineering and Architecture graduates. Graphic designers are generally trained at Art Schools. Visual communication is offered at National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad and IIT as well as at Film Institutes at Pune and Chennai. Courses in Visual Communication run by private institutions such as Mudra Communications, ZICA are also useful.

After Class XII (any stream), students seek admission to the 4 year professional industrial design course at NID or 5 year degree course at Govt. College of Art and Craft, Chennai. Entry into the first job is directly from campus.

After NID or BFA, a Masters course at IIT Centre of Design for Visual Communication Design can be taken.

After Class XII (PCM), selection for BE Design course at IIT Guwahati is through IITJEE. BE /B.Arch/ BFA is the minimum entry requirement for Masters course in Design in IIT.

Placements And Prospects:

Industrial designers work in design department of manufacturing firms, industries, consulting firms and as entrepreneurs. Ceramic designers work in industries manufacturing table wares, sanitary wares, light fittings, pottery, decorative porcelain and materials for electrical and other industries. Furniture, craft, textile designers have industry specific options or they work as entrepreneur

Challenges:

• Industrial design industry in India faces several challenges which hinder its growth rate when compared to global levels.
• Highly competitive nature, lack of qualified designers and inability for scale up to new growth are major reasons for slowing Indian market.
• Promotions done by global leaders in this segments like China, Singapore etc attracts more orders to these countries.
• Only recently India started pitching for its design Industry collectively which helped companies in this sector to attract more orders.
• Indian design companies also developed tie ups with some of the global companies which is expected to benefit these companies and sector too.

Remunerations:

The electrical goods industry, the consumer goods industry, the furniture industry, and the ceramic goods industry are looking for professional designers who can create a better look for their products and help them to innovate. Beginners in manufacturing units may start with monthly emoluments of Rs. 15000 to Rs. 20000 or more depending upon their achievements and perceived potential. Design consultants can earn good profits. In this career talent, farsightedness and personality make all the difference between success and failure.

The average salary for an Industrial Designer is Rs 705,502 per year. Experience has a moderate effect on income for this job. Most people move on to other jobs if they have more than 20 years’ experience in this field.

Useful links:

• http://plancareer.org/en/career/5/1133/industrial-designer-career-option-and-requirements.html
• http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Job=Industrial_Designer/Salary

Bibliography:

• “Payscale – Salary Comparison, Salary Survey, Search Wages.” Payscale.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.
• ” Careerorissa.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Jewellery – something which always charms us – has a great economic significance in the Indian Industry and is regarded as a major source of investment. Women has always had an affinity towards jewellery and Indian women has adorned herself with precious jewellery, gold and diamonds to enhance her feminine beauty from time immemorial. India, is the biggest consumer of gold with 20% of world gold consumption and this industry gives employment to millions of people. Indian jewellery industry is said to have an ancient and historical tradition of over 5,000 years with its own distinct designs, patterns and art forms.

For centuries, the art of making jewellery has been the monopoly of traditional ‘kaarigars’ or goldsmiths who have inherited the expertise from their ancestors and have played the dual role of designer and manufacturer. During those days, jewellery designing as a career had been limited to the kaarigars and one could learn this profession only by becoming an apprentice to an experienced jeweller. But today with the explosion in the fashion and accessories arena, the field is becoming a lucrative career which offers a sparkling future for those who are fascinated by gems and jewellery. A new breed of jewelry designers and professionals like gem appraisers are in great demand with the growing market for branded ornaments.

Jewellery designing is an art of designing and making jewellery, stone cutting, engraving and polishing etc. Jewellery designers are those who plan the style and pattern of jewellery, silverware and other decorative metal work products. They require a high degree of skill and precision and use a variety of specialized hand tools and equipments to design and manufacture new pieces of jewellery.

In addition, to be successful in the field they should be able to understand the market, identify the consumer needs, visualize ideas to suit the demands and create impressive presentations to communicate the end product to the client.

The fast growing jewellery business in the country has tremendous employment potential and offers excellent career opportunities to professional executives in the industry. Graduates with specialization in Jewellery Design and Management are in great demand globally for managing the jewellery business.

Eligibility & Course Areas:

A course in Jewellery designing is a comprehensive one, dealing with all the fine details of jewellery making and designing. Specially meant for those who are creative and have an artistic blend of mind, these courses give basic information on the different kinds of stones, colour coding, schemes, polishing and finishing, presentation and framing, drawing techniques, ornament making and designing and so on. Apart from these, they could also learn special skills like electroplating, metal colouring, anodizing, enameling, stone setting and silversmith. Numerous institutes all over India offer various courses in jewellery designing. In most of the institutes, the course is incorporated with other designing courses.

For Diploma, Degree and Certificate courses in Jewellery designing, one should have passed 10+2 or equivalent examination from any stream of a recognized institution. Several short term courses are offered for those who have completed their 10th class. Before qualifying for the course, a student has to pass an aptitude test followed by an interview. Crash courses are also offered to the working professionals and students. Training in this field may include art classes through technical schools, along with computer-aided jewelry design training in specific software packages like Rhino, Jewel Cad, Auto Cad, 3D Studio, etc. Moreover, the use of Photoshop, Corel Draw and in-depth analysis of volume, weight and metal composition are generally considered to be vital parts of the jewellery designing syllabus.

Duration of the courses may vary from 3-6 months to 2-3 years. The minimum age required is 15 years. As part of their curriculum most institutes conduct special workshops for students.

Personal skills:

The most vital attribute needed for a jewellery designer is the sense of design and a passion for the profession. They should be creative, imaginative, technically sound, well-versed with the fashion industry, and committed to work. Other attributes needed for a designer are skills in drawing and computer designing, an open mind that can visualize designs from anything and everything, skills to understand the latest trends and practical skills with tools and materials. They must also possess a working knowledge about manufacturing, understanding of various metals and gemstones and must have numerical skills for measuring, calculating costs of materials and pricing items.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Making of jewelry requires a wide variety of skills, which involves training and creativity. The work in the jewellery industry involves casting and molding of jewellery, and the identification and testing of jewellery and gemstones. Designing, Manufacturing and Marketing are the major tasks performed. One can work in the industry as a Designer, join the Manufacturing section, Retailing department and even specialize in Gemology and deal with identification and grading of various precious stones and diamonds.

The designer prepares sketches of the design on a paper by hand or on the computer to conceptualize the design. After consulting with the customer or the manufacturing team, the designers make detailed drawings, a structural model, computer simulations or a full-scale prototype. Then these designs are created out of the regular or floral patterns and then forms are generated by connecting different structures together. In the manufacturing process, a model of the design is prepared by shaping the metal or by carving wax and the individual parts are soldered together. After that, finishing works like setting stone or gems, polishing, engraving etc are done.

Nowadays, computer-aided design (CAD) software’s are used in the manufacturing firms to facilitate product design and to avoid flaws during the designing process. CAD allows to create a virtual-reality model of a piece of jewelry and the designers can modify the design, change the stone or try a different setting and see the changes on a computer screen before cutting a stone or performing other costly steps. After that a mold of the prepared model is produced in a wax like or other material with the help of Computer aided manufacturing (CAM) process. CAM helps in the easier manufacturing of numerous pieces of the same design which are then distributed to retail establishments across the country.

The most essential factor in getting a job is to present a strong portfolio of the work. More than qualification, it is the skills and experience that makes an excellent jewellery designer. Graduates in jewellery designing with excellent skills are in great demand in India and abroad. After successful completion of a course in jewellery designing, one can find outstanding job prospects in various jewellery manufactures & designing houses, export houses and renowned jewellery brand names such as Nakshatra, Tanishq, D-damas, Swarovski, Gili, Tribhuvandas Bhimji Zaveri to name a few. One can opt for setting up their own Design Studio and workshop; or can also work as a freelance designer.

Most designers start their career in jewellery industry as apprentices in showrooms or in their family businesses. As they gain more skill in jewellery design and repair, they may take advantage of opportunities to specialize in a specific area of the field such as Goldsmith, wax carving or stone setting. One can start their own business with a couple of years experience, or once they have evolved their unique style and has the ability to identify and rate a good gem or a stone. Jewellery designer should be well aware of the current trends and carry on with the latest models and styles.

Since most vacancies in this field are not advertised, it is handy for a designer to make a good contact network within the industry by attending trade fairs and exhibitions. Some of the career prospects in the field of jewellery designing are :

• In Jewellery Stores
• Manufacturing Companies
• Self Employment
• Teaching and Research
• Independent Shop/ Private Studios
• Fairs and Flea Markets.

There are abundant job openings for jewellery designers in foreign countries, especially in Bangkok and Singapore.

Challenges:

The greatest challenge many designers report is being able to both influence and respond to their markets. This poses several creative conflicts. A designer must be free to express his or her individual creativity, yet also translate existing trends in fashion and design into their designs; they must bring their own ideas to their work, yet the end result must express the feelings and identity of clients they may never meet. Ultimate success comes from meeting that challenge – seeing their designs in stores and worn by people across the country.

Price is definitely a challenge when it comes to high quality pieces. With the recent election and the high price of gold, consumers are much more price conscious.

Remuneration:

Jewellery Designing is a profession with great scope in India and abroad. The pay packet varies according to qualification, experience and skills. In retail stores, one can work on a commission basis and depending upon the organisation and their talent, they would be paid extremely well. The earnings of a freelance designer depends upon the designer’s creative skill and how successful they are in selling their work.

Entry Level – Rs.1,20,000/- to Rs.3,00,000/-

Qualified/Experienced – Rs.4,20,000/- to Rs.6,00,000/-

Career Potential – Rs.9,00,000/- to Rs.12,00,000**

** The career potential implies the best possible earnings that one can expect, without much risk, if the career is handled well.

Bibliography:

“Edulife.” Edulife.in. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Pant, Ashutosh. “Creations India, Pune, Diamond Grading, Gemology, Institute Of Design And Technology, School Of Design And Technology, Jewelry, Jewelry Making, Jewellery, Jewellery Designing, Fashion Designing, Interior Designing, Courses, Gemology, Gem Testing, Kundan Jewellery, Meenakari, Thewa, Pacchikam, Indian Jewellery, Cameos, Textile Designing.” Creationsindia.net. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

” Inna-q.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Journalism ? This section features Journalism as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Journalism is concerned with collection and dissemination of news through the print media as well as the electronic media. This involves various areas of works like reporting, writing, editing, photographing, broadcasting or cable casting news items.

Journalism is classified into two on the basis of media- (i) Print Journalism and (ii) Electronic (Audio/Visual) Journalism. Print Journalism includes newspapers, magazines and journals. In print journalism one can work as editors, reporters, columnists, correspondents etc. Electronic journalism includes working for Radio, Television and the Web. In the web, skilled people are required to maintain sites by web newspapers (which cater only to the web and do not have print editions) and popular newspapers and magazines who have their own web editions. In electronic journalism one can be a reporter, writer, editor, researcher, correspondent and anchor.

Career in journalism is a prestigious profession as well as a highly paid one. Journalist play a major role in the development of nation. It is through them that we get information about daily happenings in the society. The purpose of journalism itself is to inform and interpret, educate and enlighten the people.

The opportunities for journalists are endless and at the same time the job has become more challenging, as the new world is proving the adage that “the pen (and the camera) is mightier than the sword.” Simple reporting of events is no more sufficient, more specialisation and professionalism in reporting is required. Journalists specialise in diverse areas, such as politics, finance and economics, investigation, culture and sports for newspapers and periodicals.

Eligibility & Course Areas:

Educational Qualification: Bachelor’s degree or post-graduate degree in journalism/mass communication is required to pursue a career in this field. Additional course work, specialised training or experience, fieldwork or internship increases one’s opportunities in the field. There are a number of universities and institutes offering training in journalism.

Minimum eligibility for Bachelor degree in journalism is 10+2 and for Post graduate degree courses a Bachelor degree in journalism. Some institutes also provide one year certificate courses in journalism for which eligibility is 10+2. There are also courses in specialised areas of journalism like sports, television, photo, press law etc.

No course or training can claim to make one, a journalist. The courses train persons in the technical aspects only, to ensure one’s success in the field one must have an inborn ability to write and produce new stories in correct, concise and interesting style. Latest trend in this regard is that big groups of newspapers advertise the posts of trainees for which all graduates are eligible. After conducting the entrance examination, suitable graduate trainees, with flair for writing are selected and employed. In other words, now the formal academic qualification for being a reporter, copy writer or correspondent is not essential.

Courses/Training: Courses in Journalism are

Diploma Courses

• Diploma Course in Journalism & Mass Communication
• Diploma Course in Rural Journalism
• Diploma in Administrative Drafting & Reporting in Hindi
• Diploma in Communication & Media Development
• Diploma In Communication, Journalism and Public Relations
• Diploma in Folkloristic & Journalism
• Diploma In Journalism
• Diploma In Mass Media
• Diploma in Mass Media In Urdu
• Diploma In Media Communication

Post Graduate Courses

• Post Graduate Course in Communication
• Post Graduate Course in Hindi Journalism
• Post Graduate Course in Journalism
• Post Graduate Course in Mass Communication & Journalism
• Post Graduate Diploma in Journalism
• Post Graduate Diploma in Journalism & Communication
• Post Graduate Diploma In Journalism, Public Relations And Advertising
• Post Graduate Diploma In Mass Communication & Electronic Journalism
• Post Graduate Diploma in Mass Media
• Post Graduate Diploma in Rural & Tribal Communication
• Post Graduate Programme In Communication

Other Courses

• B.A with Journalism
• B.A with Mass Communication
• B.A with Mass Communication & Journalism
• B.A with Mass Communication & Journalism in Hindi
• Bachelor Of Journalism
• Bachelor Of Mass Communication
• Bachelor Of Mass Communication & Journalism
• Certificate Course in Journalism
• Course in Mass Communication & Journalism
• Course In Photo Journalism
• Course in Sports Journalism
• Course In Television Journalism
• M.A in Journalism
• M.A in Journalism & Mass Communication
• Master Diploma In Journalism & Communication
• Master Of Journalism With Cinema Studies
• Master’s Degree In Journalism And Public Relations
• Master’s Degree in Mass Communication & Journalism

Institutes:

• Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi
• Department of Media Studies, Christ University
• School of Communication, Manipal University
• Delhi College of Arts & Commerce, University of Delhi
• Indraprastha College for Women, University of Delhi
• KC College of Arts, Science and Commerce, University of Mumbai
• Madras Christian College
• Ramnarain Ruia College, University of Mumbai
• SIES College of Arts, Science & Commerce, University of Mumbai
• Amity School of Communications

Personal Attributes: To become a journalist one should have an inquisitive mind, will power, an aptitude for presenting information in an accurate, concise and effective manner, organise their thoughts and to express themselves clearly both orally and in writing. At the same time a journalist has to be tactful, confident and organised while interviewing people from all walks of life. They must have the ability to sift relevant facts from the irrelevant. The ability to accept criticism and willingness to do considerable rewriting are also necessary.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

They can find employment with newspapers, periodicals and magazines, central information service, press information bureau, websites, AIR and TV channels like Doordarshan, ZEE TV, Star TV etc. At the same time they can do freelancing. One can also take up this career as a part time employment along with any other field of work.

Career Options in Journalism:

Journalists can work as editors, reporters, columnists, correspondents, staff or freelance writer, photojournalists, proofreaders, news analysts etc. in print (newspapers and magazines) and electronic (Radio, Television and Web) media.

Editing | Writing | Reporting | Photography | Others

Editing

Editor: In the editing field there are various positions :

Chief Editor/Resident Editor: Chief /resident editor is in charge of the over-all functions of the publication. His primary responsibility is to supervise the functions of collection, selection and presentation of news. He reads and corrects copy for publication, decide on the editorial policy and the content of publications. Resident editor is in charge of a particular edition (Eg: Chennai edition, Mumbai edition etc.).

Personal attributes: He should have excellent journalistic vision- awareness of the major or minor political and current affairs, communication skills, leadership quality and long term experience as an editor.

Sub Editor: They assist chief editor in selecting & sorting the contents. Their job involves re-writing stories to fit the space assigned, improve the language, insert punctuation etc. They also give headlines and help in page layout. There are number of sub editors for each news paper. The chief sub editor is in charge of the team of sub editors- he assigns work and coordinates and supervises them. He act as a link between the chief editor and sub editors.

News /Feature Editor: He is the right-hand man of the chief editor. He decides on the news to be published in the newspaper each day. He collect news, controls the network of correspondents, reporting staff and other news sources, allocate assignments and attend editorial conferences.

Associate Editor: He directs the preparation of a section of a newspaper, magazine or a television or radio segment. He prepares news, feature articles and critical reviews, and plans the layout of the publication, assigns reporting staff and photographers to obtain coverage of matters of news or interest related to his section.

Personal attributes: Editors must have the ability to write & edit articles, take speedy decisions, a questioning mentality and an awareness of current affairs.

Job Prospectus: They can find job with newspaper groups, publishers of magazines and journals, Indian Information Service of the Government, websites etc.

Proofreader: A proofreader compare proofs and edited copy (Written, typed or printed material) to ensure that the final text is complete and accurate, and that the spelling and punctuation are correct before final printing. They mark proofs for corrections, check revised proofs to ensure that the corrections have been made. They must have sound knowledge of spelling, punctuation and grammar, should be able to pay particular attention to detail and retain concentration for a long period.

Reporting

Reporter: He is the one who reports events as and when it occurs. The reporter is said to be the eyes & ears of the newspaper. Reporter attend press conferences, conduct interviews, visit sites of major occurrence and gather first hand report and present them in an unbiased manner. Their job involves a lot of traveling. A Chief reporter is in charge of the team of reporters, and assigns work to the reporters. Main newspapers employ reporters in all major cities.

Personal attributes: Reporter should have an analytic approach, perseverance, cool temperament, writing skill and self-confidence. He should have good contacts with various news resources and an ability to sense news.

Correspondent/Special Reporters: They are reporters for special purposes and their task involves reporting on a particular topic like politics, foreign affairs, sports, finance etc. They often report on news covering their area of expertise from a place where the particular event is happening. Their aim is to interpret or explain news, and comment on the events, trends and causes behind it. Special correspondent must choose the concerned field in which he has special interest to make a success out of it. Usually one must have sufficient experience as a reporter to become a special correspondent.

Writing

Writer: A writer chooses themes or subjects for written work, conduct research into the subject, assemble background material and obtain other necessary data. Writers may specialise in- Journalism, fiction writing; children’s books, educational textbook writing, historical writing and transferring oral histories into written form, humour or comedy writing and so on. In journalism, writers can be feature writers, leader writers, writers for multimedia and web and so on.

Feature writer: Feature writers writes detailed stories or presents commentaries on specific news topics. They research and analyse facts and draw conclusions on a particular topic. They can cover any topic of public interest like interviews, organising data and evidence, feature story leads etc. Feature writing is more descriptive and detailed than news reporting.

Leader Writer: He gives ideas on news topics in the editorial columns of newspapers or magazines and discusses prospects of improvement with trainee writers.

Writing for Multimedia and the Web: Writers are required in multimedia and the worldwide Web for writing news and other articles. They must have a skill for writing precise text adaptive to the environment. If you can communicate your ideas through graphics, animation etc it is an added advantage in this field.

Columnist: They are writers who contribute regularly to a publication. Usually one column on general or a specific topic is devoted to the writer. They writes a regular segment within their particular interest category, e.g. gardening, fashion, politics, films. The columnist usually projects a point of view, and could either be a commentator or a critic. They review developments in special areas they write on & may contribute to a number of news papers at the same time.

Critic: A critic needs to be well read, have adequate knowledge and experience in his respective field. One can be a critic in various fields like film, art, drama etc. Only persons having good knowledge about the particular subject/art can authoritatively write about the subject.

Photo Journalist or News Photographer: They are the visual reporters. Photo journalists accompany reporters on assignments to take pictures that support a news story, feature or interview. They must know what makes a good news picture; be able to write accurate captions, work well with reporters, be quick and often work under difficult conditions. They must have good knowledge about technical aspects of photography like lighting, speed etc. to take photographs apt for the particular situation.

Others

Fashion Journalist: He is an overall in-charge of a fashion magazine. It is through him that the general public gets to know the latest fashion trends. He should have excellent taste for fashion and keeps himself abreast with latest fashion news, consumer reaction to new collections, fashion shows, current and future trends in colour, design and fabric. Today fashion journalist has a bright scope for employment as there is a need for exclusive articles and programmes with the development of fashion industry.

Cartoonists and illustrators make a social or political comment on public figures or events in the form of a cartoon that is funny as well as witty. A cartoon is one man’s view of the world.

Other departments included in the publication of a newspaper or periodical are : production, advertising, legal affairs department, circulation and public relations.

Placements & Prospects:

They can find employment with newspapers, periodicals and magazines, central information service, press information bureau, websites, AIR and TV channels like Doordarshan, ZEE TV, Star TV etc. At the same time they can do freelancing. One can also take up this career as a part time employment along with any other field of work.

Journalists can work as editors, reporters, columnists, correspondents, staff or freelance writer, photojournalists, proofreaders, news analysts etc. in print (newspapers and magazines) and electronic (Radio, Television and Web) media.

Challenges:

Some of the most challenges cited by journalists are:

• Having to write content across multiple formats (print, Web, blog, etc.) – asked to produce more content than ever before
• Dealing with constant changes to coverage areas and beats
• Working in uncertain economic environment – layoffs are happening all over the place
• Forced to do more with less – staff cuts means there’s more work for those left behind
• Competing against other outlets for the best stories – working around challenges of a 24/7, global news climate
• Adapting to new media – social networking and Twitter for example
• Processing and filtering incoming information efficiently – including the high-volume of pitches and press releases
• Managing relationships and sources for ongoing story development
• Dealing with uninformed PR reps and off-topic pitches
• Finding necessary information from PR reps and online press rooms
• In the case of political parties, the challenge to independent reporting either comes from being ideologically swayed, getting close to a set of leaders to the point of being blinded to other views, or succumbing to patronage opportunities.
• Reporters have to stick to factual reporting. Strong separation between news and opinion have to taken care of

Remuneration:

A journalist salary has good growth potential. You can expect to start off with a salary of Rs.6000-Rs. 10000 as a trainee. As a reporter, you can expect to make Rs.12000 – Rs.18000. Editors draw a salary of Rs.20,000-Rs.35,000 besides Perks like housing and travelling concessions are also provided.

A Journalist earns an average salary of Rs 346,511 per year. Pay for this job rises steadily for more experienced workers, but goes down noticeably for the few employees with more than 20 years’ experience. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 20 years in this career.

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Journalism : Career Options | Media and Entertainment Careers in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/journalism/intro.htm?fb_comment_id=10150176023369330_10153566070664330#f23ca58b743848c [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Indicareer.com. (2017). Journalism, Journalism Career, Journalism Institutes. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/journalism/journalism.html [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Porter, J. (2017). Big Challenges for Journalists in the Current Media Environment. [online] Journalistics. Available at: http://blog.journalistics.com/2009/big-challenges-for-journalists/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

The Hindu. (2017). The challenges of reporting. [online] Available at: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/the-challenges-of-reporting/article4990339.ece [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Career, J. (2017). Journalism As A Career – Courses, Colleges, Jobs, Salary. [online] Indiaeducation.net. Available at: http://www.indiaeducation.net/careercenter/masscommunication/journalism/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Modelling? This section features Modelling as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Modelling today has become one of the most sought after career options for youngsters in India. This is one of the most thrilling as well as lucrative profession, it attracts males and females equally, though there was a time when females dominated the field. With the expansion of consumerism and media there has been a fabulous boost in the ad industry. This along with upsurge in fashion industry have made modelling an attractive career option. It has generated a large and continuing demand for fresh faces and personalities to launch and promote a variety of branded products or show a garment to its best advantage.

Modelling is, undoubtedly a glamorous field which offers tremendous opportunities to travel and meet various classes of people. Moreover once established it is a highly paid job. Even with all these plus points it involves lot of hard work, dedication and perseverance to be successful in this field. It is a highly competitive and short- lived career. Further, stress factor is high and the hours are erratic. The job also requires a lot of stamina and patience.

It is a profession where educational qualifications become insignificant and physical attributes and personal qualities assume importance. Modelling are of various types. The modelling can be broadly classified into ramp modelling, television Modelling and print Modelling.

Personality Traits:

There is no specific qualification or age limit to enter into this field. First step for making an entry is to prepare a Modelling portfolio.

Modelling can be mainly classified into Television Modelling, Print Modelling/Still Modelling, Ramp Modelling/live Modelling, Show room Modelling, Advertising Modelling etc. Main attributes required to become a model is a good and healthy complexion, and lustrous hair. Models should be tall, fashion industry criteria for best models are 5’7″ to 6′ or 6′ plus. For a man, height should be 6′ or 6′ plus and he should be muscular. Being photogenic is the single most important quality to have for a model. Apart from this good knowledge of acting, camera friendly attitude and a great amount of self confidence will reward success in this profession. They must also be open to criticism.

Courses/Training:

Modelling Courses: Modelling can be mainly classified into Television modelling, Print modelling/Still modelling, Ramp modelling/live modelling, Show room modelling, Advertising modelling etc.

Television Modelling: This involves modelling before the Movie camera, to be used for Television commercials, cinema, video, internet etc. Modelling for video or films often includes some acting or dance and is mostly conducted on location. To make a successful television model you need a flair for acting.

Print Modelling: Models generally pose for still photographs, to be utilised in the press advertisements, brochures, magazines, catalogues, calendars etc. Models for print media have to work along with ad agencies and photographers.

Show room Modelling: As per the name it take place in the showrooms. Models work generally for the exporters, garment manufacturers and the big garment retailers to display the latest trends of fashion to the buyers.

Ramp or catwalk Modelling / Live Modelling: Requires models to display the garments and accessories in front of a live audience. This can be at an exhibition or a fashion show, or at a showroom or point of purchase. Ramp modelling, thus, requires long hours of practice. Performing in a live show before an audience can be very stressful. It requires tremendous confidence and poise. Ramp models should have a good posture, walking style and body language.

Advertising Modelling: This is the one where both print & electronic media has equal importance. It is in order to promote or popularize a product. Advertising models appear in press advertisements, on posters, in TV commercials and advertising films. Advertising modelling is open to models of all age groups. Basic acting skills and a photogenic face are must.

Eligibility:

There is no specific qualification or age limit to enter into this field. First step for making an entry is to prepare a portfolio. This consists of a series of photographs taken by a professional photographer. The portfolio can then be shown to an advertising agency, a model coordinating agency providing suitable models according to requirements, or a fashion designer. Another way to enter into this career is to apply for the contests sponsored by magazines, cloth manufactures, cosmetic companies etc and participating in beauty pageants.

There are no set standards of training in this area, and models are usually expected to learn on the job. A beginning for training in this field has been made by ex-models who have set up training schools, however it is restricted mainly to Delhi and Mumbai. Training programs includes instructions on beauty care, make-up, hair styling, diet and exercise, how to walk and carry yourself elegantly and so on. These training programs include guidance on how to make a contract and other technicalities. Guidance on making a portfolio also forms a part of such training programs.

Institutes:

• Asian Academy of Film and Television
• Aimfill International (Aimfill)
• R. K. Films and Media Academy
• NAM Institute of Professional Studies
• Center for Research in Art of Film and Television (CRAFT Rohini)
• Face Institute, Dadar, Mumbai
• Catwalk Institute, New Delhi
• Platinum Models, New Delhi
• Glitz, Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi
• YSG World Wide Model and Promotion Agency, Mumbai
• Meyhar Bhasin Academy, New Delhi
• The Elite School, New Delhi

Placements And Prospects:

There is no dearth of jobs in modelling these days. Job prospects are available to models :

• In product advertising
• Featuring in music videos
• Doing live fashion shows
• Showroom displays or garment fairs
• Opening a school for models
• Setting up a model co-ordinating agency
• Acting in television programmes or films

Challenges:

Though, career in Modelling fetches you lot of money and international recognition but it is a short term career and there is a rigorous competition among models and fashion companies. The long working hours and hectic schedule take a toll on you gradually. It is very important to keep yourself calm and balanced and not to let your work stress fall on your personal life. You must look perfect in shape no matter what are the circumstances going in your personal life. Models have to look lean and slim but healthy enough to cope up the stress of this profession. Many models in order to look thin often go for dieting which consequently affects their health.

The negative aspects of modelling include:

• Not getting paid a lot of money at the beginning.
• You may not have work for a few weeks which will also reduce your finances dramatically.
• You must also make sure you exercise which is negative if you hate exercising.
• It can become boring and tiring depending on the job you are doing and how often you are needed. You can spend all day on a movie set and only shoot your scene for an hour.

Remuneration:

The amount of money paid to models depends upon how prestigious the show is and who the organisers are. Female models typically earn more than male models for similar work. An established model who is consistently on the popularity charts earns anything between Rs 20,000 to Rs 50,000 per fashion Show. Low budget shows pay models somewhere around Rs 5,000 to Rs 10,000. Print ads pay according to the number of photographs used. Magazine spreads and billboard advertisements also pay well – reputed magazines paying around Rs 15,000 to Rs 25,000 per photograph.

It is impossible to predict the yearly salary of a fashion model as wages depend on how much work you do, level of experience and who you work for. On average, spending a day on the catwalk can pay anywhere between £100 and £3000 per day. Fashion campaigns can pay up to £100,000 per day if you are a known name in the industry.

As a beginner, a model makes about Rs. 4,000- Rs. 6,000 per shoot or show. After three to four years, one might get Rs. 15,000- Rs. 20,000. A supermodel can earn Rs. 50,000, after which the sky is the limit. Models working in TV commercials are paid more than Rs. 20,000 per day. The money depends on your looks and body. A beautiful face on a well-toned body can command handsome money, even if you are just a fresher.

You can expect increments regularly as your modelling repeater builds up. Your agency might provide you with several benefits, but these are normally deducted from your final payment as per your contract.

Useful Links:

http://plancareer.org/en/career/11/1116/fashion-model-career-option-and-requirements.html

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Modelling : Career Options | Media and Entertainment Careers in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/modelling/intro.htm?fb_comment_id=10150355775976693_10152682262931693#fe8b1737cf55cc [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Armangroups.com. (2017). Arman Group. [online] Available at: http://www.armangroups.com/Carrier_Guidance_Home.aspx?SlNo=24 [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Icbse.com. (2017). Career in Modelling. [online] Available at: http://www.icbse.com/careers/career-in-modelling [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

TenVoted – Top 10 Everything. (2017). Best Acting And Modelling Schools In Delhi. [online] Available at: https://www.10voted.com/list/best-acting-and-modelling-schools-in-delhi/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Bestindiaedu.com. (2017). Modeling Courses in India. [online] Available at: http://www.bestindiaedu.com/career-courses/modeling-design.html [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Merinews.com. (2017). A career in modelling is highly paying but challenging job. [online] Available at: http://www.merinews.com/article/a-career-in-modelling-is-highly-paying-but/15831574.shtml [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

JobMonkey. (2017). Modeling Industry Career Guide – Pros, Cons, Challenges. [online] Available at: http://www.jobmonkey.com/modelingjobs/pros-cons/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Plancareer.org. (2017). Fashion Model Career requirements, Job Details, Salary Prospects | Plancareer.org. [online] Available at: http://plancareer.org/en/career/11/1116/fashion-model-career-option-and-requirements.html [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Option in the Field of Music ? This section features Music as a career option, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Music is one of the most profound human achievements. It is a universal sound which can create emotions and express feelings. Music also soothes the mind. There is rarely anybody who is not touched by music in some way at some time in their lives.

Talent, genuine interest, sincerity and willingness to work hard can guarantee a big success in the field of music. Having an inborn talent to sing is a wonderful gift. But making a career out of this talent, demands regular devoted practice. Joining an institution and getting trained is one of the first steps towards making a career in Music but the main emphasis should be real dedication and commitment.

A person considering a career in music should have a genuine love for music, a musical sense, which means a sense of time and rhythm, besides versatility, creative ability and also stage confidence. At the same time one needs to have publicity- contacts with the right people, money for training and for making demo cassettes for commercialisation.

Just as there is a wide variety of forms in music like classical, folk, jazz, pop, fusion etc there are also a variety of opportunities in this field. Besides becoming a performer (vocal or instrumental) or a teacher, one can be a composer/song writer, music publisher, music journalist, Disc Jockeys/ Video Jockeys, Music Therapist, Artist manager/PR and so on in the Music Industry. Today the advent of satellite television, the growing popularity of the music channels and corporate sponsorship of musical events, has all made music big business. Although fame and money in this field depends a lot on luck and getting a good break, but once you are established there is ample scope for making good money in this field.

Personality Traits:

There is no specific qualification required to enter into this field. However, to take up a course in this subject the basic requirement is 10+2. A person considering a career in music should have a genuine love for music, a musical sense, which means a sense of time and rhythm, besides versatility, creative ability and also stage confidence. At the same time one needs to have publicity- contacts with the right people, money for training and for making demo cassettes for commercialisation.

Eligibility & Course areas:

Educational: There is no specific qualification required to enter into this field. However, to take up a course in this subject the basic requirement is 10+2. Courses offered in this area are certificate courses, bachelor courses, diploma courses and post graduate level courses.

Duration of various courses: Certificate course is of one year, Bachelor courses is of three years, Diploma and Post Graduate level courses is of two years.

Training in this field is imparted by many schools and institutions. Most prominent among them is Kalakshetra in Chennai and The Bharatiya Kala Kendra in Delhi.

Course areas include music theory, music interpretation, history of music, composing, voice instruction etc.

Personal attributes: Among the attributes, one that top the list is a good voice. Other attributes include inherent talent, dedication, determination and hard work, creativity and adaptability, team work, accept criticism in the right spirit, self confidence, ambition etc.

Courses/Training:

There are also many opportunities for self-employment in the form of holding private classes at home or opening a music school or producing and directing independent programmes.

Music Courses:Today with music getting into the league of big business, there are a list of careers one can choose from in the Music Industry. Besides becoming a performer (vocal or instrumental) or a teacher, one can be a composer/song writer, music publisher, music journalist, Disc Jockeys/ Video Jockeys, Music Therapist, Artist manager/PR and so on in the Music Industry.

Music composers / Songwriters: Those with a flair in writing and an inborn talent in music can take up the career as a music composer. A composer creates and writes music, may combine it with lyrics to give a new song. Musicians in this field create music or lyrics alone or create both together. Composers are required to write music creatively based on their knowledge of sound, understanding of various musical styles and taste of the audience to which it has to be presented. A song writer or lyricist must understand the theme, mood and audience, the music into which one is putting words. There are a separate category known as Jingle writers who specialize in writing music for radio and television commercials. Composers/ song writers can create music for film, television / radio jingles, folk songs and for albums. Musicians who are interested in this area are often required to know about the business aspect of song writing such as copyrights, networking, publishing, contracts, performing rights etc. Music composers often work with advertising firms, production houses, recording companies, music publishing firms, film, television, radio etc. Jingle writers can get in through contacts in ad firms and production houses, contacts with directors / producers help to get in film/ television companies.

Singers / Performers: Performing artists may work alone or in a group with or without musical instrument. One could be a classical or pop artiste or an instrumental musician. Performance careers differ widely and depend a great deal upon the instrument played and the performance medium. A high standard of musical and technical skill is required and expected from performers in all areas. They can undertake challenging performance in concert halls, small or large ensembles, in studios as recording artists, and live shows in lounge settings, pubs, night clubs, etc. They can also work for film industry as playback singers.

Producers: Producers brings together the various elements of recording and works to present them as an artistic whole. They book the studio, hire musicians and engineers, oversee the the production of the recorded music and control the recording budget. They have the final say on the development of their material. To be a successful producer technical knowledge and tact is a potent combination. Sometimes ex artists/ sound engineers enter this field.

Artist / Music Management: This is considered as one of the emerging options. Artist management is the planning, organising and negotiating of an artists career. They work in the business area of music and deals with the tough, unpleasant stuff behind the scenes. The work involves meeting with radio and television producers and getting air time for their artist, negotiating with recording companies and programme sponsors etc. Perseverance and knowledge of music and media industries are vital. Experience and training in Music as well as a business background helps to be successful in the field. They can work for a particular artist or band as well as in a artist management firm, performing organisation, Touring music group etc.

Music Journalist: They review performances and recordings, conduct interviews with performers for various publications and write music reviews. They give news and updates on new releases and performers. Some may work as music critic also. This is one of the option available in music field for freelancing. They can also work for newspapers, magazines and websites. To take up this career one must have keen interest and knowledge in music, flair for writing and good command of language.

Music Educator / Teacher: Teachers can open music schools and also conduct private classes. Music teaching is often in demand at schools, colleges, universities and institutional set-ups. Their main job is to instil an interest and enthusiasm for music among the students. Main attributes required for them is classical music qualification, initiative and patience. They must have a thorough knowledge of music to impart training to their students.

Music Therapist: Music therapist are a unique breed of musician-counsellors, with specialised training in the use of rhythm and melody to improve psychological and emotional well being. Emotional stability and insight are essential for competent therapists. They must have the ability to explore, interpret and develop the creative use of sound. Music therapists provide therapeutic programs to people of all age group with psychiatric disorders, mental retardation and developmental disabilities, speech and hearing impairments, physical disabilities, and neurological impairments. A career in music therapy offers challenge, opportunity, and distinctive rewards to those interested in working with people of all ages with various disabilities. Music therapists are employed in psychiatric hospitals, community mental health agencies, rehabilitation centres, nursing homes, residences for the mentally disabled etc. They can also do private practice.

Musicologist: With good knowledge of music, an aptitude for research and excellent communication skills, one can work as musicologist in research institutes.

Video Jockeys (VJs) & Disc Jockeys (DJs): With the advent of various music channel video jockeying is becoming an exciting career option for the music mad generation. Their job include introducing a music video, conducting interviews with artists and music personalities. No specific educational background is required for VJs/DJs except some personal attributes. However, background in mass communication, visual communication or the performing arts comes in handy. Main attributes required to work in this visual medium are excellent presentation skills, clear voice, presence of mind, in depth knowledge about various styles of music, musicians and albums, communication skills, confidence, ability to take split-second decisions, good body language and dress sense.

Music Librarian: Colleges and public libraries offer opportunities for trained music specialists with knowledge of library and research techniques. Some opportunities for music librarians also exist in radio, television, and motion pictures. In addition to any music qualification they need to have bachelors degree in library and information science.

Different Music Courses:

• B.A (Hons) Music
• B.A (Visual Art/Music/Dance & Drama)
• B.A Music
• BA in Tabla
• BFA in Sitar
• BFA in Tabla
• Certificate course in Music
• Certificate course in Music & Dance
• Certificate course in Music Appreciation & Music
• Degree in Music
• Diploma in Music
• Diploma in Sitar
• Diploma in Tabla
• Diploma Proficiency course in Music
• M.A Music
• M.Phil in Music
• Ph.D in Music
• U.G. Diploma Course in Music & Dance
• Private Dance & Music Schools

Institutes:

• Govt. College of Music
• Bengal Music College University of Calcutta
• Guru Nanak Dev University
• M B Govt. P.g. College, Haldwani
• Dhirendra Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Karmajitpur
• Sachin Deb Barman Memorial Music College
• Tripura Tribal Folk Music College
• University of Delhi
• Delhi School of Music
• KM Music Conservatory
• Adarsh Kala Mandir

Placements And Prospects:

Talented and qualified persons can find numerous employment opportunities in this field with the advent of satellite television, music channels etc. Various employers in this area are:

• Television channels like Doordarshan
• AIR and private FM channel stations
• Music channels
• Government departments of culture and public relations
• Production houses
• Music troupes
• Music research organisations as a musicologist
• Music companies
• Educational Institutions, Kala kendras etc.
• Hospitals as music therapist
• Newspapers and magazines as music critic or correspondents

Challenges:

Getting an audience–You cannot go on making music and just hope to get noticed out of nowhere. At the same time, getting noticed doesn’t guarantee that you have a stable group of followers or audience that you can bank upon.

Marketing – your music needs to touch at least someone else other than you if you want to pay the bills, as many others have mentioned.

Creative – your music needs to stand out, to a degree. While many songs follow a fairly well proven template, there are aspects that make that song its own thing.

You need to work hard to stay motivated and not get discouraged. Along the road a lot of people are gonna tell them they would never succeed.

Remuneration:

Entry level work will be like arranging tracks for various composers and recording artists. Each track arrangement is typically being paid somewhere between Rs 5K-10K (INR) per 4-5 min track for entry level.

You can get many tracks if you have right contacts which again would depend how good your work are on the tracks/demo/show reels which you have made.

Any ad jingles work also will fetch you handsome money which varies from Rs 20K to 70K depending upon various ad agencies.

However, once you got the right contacts and exposure, you can get a full time job with any record label or can work as a freelancer which does pays some 10Lakhs – 18 Lakhs per annum which is a good pay for beginners.

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Music : Career Options | Media and Entertainment Careers in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/music/intro.htm [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Indianmirror.com. (2017). Career Options in Music – Career Opportunities in Music, Music Courses and Education in India.. [online] Available at: http://www.indianmirror.com/career/music.html [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Indicareer.com. (2017). Fine Arts, Fine Arts Careers, Fine Arts Institutes. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/Fine-Arts/India-Career-Fine-Arts.html [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-biggest-problems-that-unsigned-independent-musicians-face-besides-creating-recording-new-songs-music-Is-it-publishing-getting-an-audience-getting-money-or-what-exactly [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

MBA Crystal Ball. (2017). Careers in Music Industry: Composer / Arranger / Producer jobs | MBA Crystal Ball. [online] Available at: http://www.mbacrystalball.com/blog/2014/02/27/music-industry-careers-jobs/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Music is a universal sound which can create emotions and express feelings. Music also soothes the mind. There is rarely anybody who is not touched by music in some way at some time in their life.

Making music is an inborn talent, one has to horn this talent by attaining training in this area. If you as an individual, is creative and have a passion and talent for music, is willing to put in typically long hours of work be it at nights or weekends, composing music could be the right career for you. At times an hour or two is enough to create music, but at others it could take days to create an original idea or a melody. It takes a lot of hard work, perseverance and patience to reach a level of success that you may desire. But even a single hit song could make your life worthwhile. Composing music is a source of self expression which can bring you immense satisfaction.

Composers aka song writers are people who create original music ranging from pop to jazz to classical. A composer creates and writes music, and combine it with lyrics to give a new song. Musicians in this field create music or lyrics alone or create both together. Composers are required to write music creatively based on their knowledge of sound, understanding of various musical styles and taste of the audience to which it has to be presented. A song writer or lyricist must understand the theme, mood, the audience and the music into which one is putting words.

Professional composers may do this for a variety of clients or employers. Some people write music to be recorded by others for commercial sale while others may write scores for theatrical or movie productions. Composing can refer to an original piece of music, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating a new piece of music. Sometimes a composer has to be an arranger. An arranger has the ability to take a piece of music, and write parts for various instruments. They can change any part of a song to suit their needs. There are a separate category known as Jingle writers who specialize in writing music for radio and television commercials. Composers create musical themes and background for film, television / radio jingles, folk songs and for albums. They create musical works that can be performed by orchestra, voices, groups of musicians and soloists.

One interested in this career must train in music, maintaining focus on music theory, composition, and music interpretation. A composer must be able to play at least one instrument very well. They can compose pieces of music, tape it on a recorder, try multi track recording, adding something new each time or building on it till they get a good melody. Composer must know the harmony and technique behind the music. Useful skills in composition include writing musical notation, music theory, instrumentation and handling musical ensembles (orchestration). Other skills include extended techniques such as improvisation, musical montage, preparing instruments, using non-traditional instruments, and other methods of sound production. Those in this area are often required to know about the business aspect of song writing such as copyrights, networking, publishing, contracts, performing rights etc.

Music composers often work with advertising firms, production houses, recording companies, music publishing firms, film, television, radio etc. Jingle writers can get in through contacts in ad firms and production houses, contacts with directors / producers help to get in film/ television companies. Today the advent of satellite television, the growing popularity of the music channels and corporate sponsorship of musical events, has all made music big business. Although fame and money in this field depends a lot on luck and getting a good break, but once you are established there is ample scope for making good money in this field

Eligibility & Course Areas:

To be in this field one needs to have an inborn talent, training and guidance can only sharpen these talents.

Educational: There is no specific qualification required to enter this field. However, better the education the more it helps. To take up a course in this subject, the basic requirement is 10+2. Courses offered in this area include certificate, bachelors, diploma and post graduate level courses. Knowledge of playing one or two musical instruments is valuable in composing.

Training in this field is imparted by many schools and institutions. Most prominent among them is Kalakshetra in Chennai and The Bharatiya Kala Kendra in Delhi.

Course areas include music theory, music interpretation, history of music, composing, voice instruction etc.

Personal attributes:

Creativity along with excellent skills in writing notations is the main attribute required to be in this field. Other attributes include inherent talent, dedication, determination and hard work, creativity and adaptability, team work, accept criticism in the right spirit, self confidence, ambition etc. Patience and willingness to work long hours is also essential

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Arriving at an idea or a melody is key in composing. It is the most difficult thing. Once you have a good melody, the arrangement and then the recording, though it involves a lot of work is comparatively easy as against arriving at an original idea or melody.

Aspirants must understand that it is a competitive field out there. The most important thing is to create a good demo i.e a nearly final recording to present before a producer or a recording/publishing company. The old scenario where you could be heard by the producer with just an instrument and a voice has changed. Now you need to have a small set up where you have a programming software, recorder, the things needed to make a good demo. After you have made a demo song, you could get into a deal for a period of time with a publishing company. As a beginner, you may have to make compromises in the deal, but once you make a name you will definitely get better deals and options.

In composing, there are vast area of career paths which blend creative activity with performing, teaching, administering and other musical endeavours. Various career avenues in composing are that of :

Performer:

Many composers, are musicians first. Because of their musical backgrounds, some of them perform as well. They present their own music in the manner in which they intend it to be heard.

Professors/ Teachers:

After attaining a doctoral degree in this field one can opt for teaching in universities or music academies. This is one of the much honoured career path which ensures steady income where other music careers might not.

Music Copyist:

Many composers have begun their careers as music copyists, either on a freelance basis or engaged principally to assist one established composer. A musical copyist transcribes musical parts onto staff or manuscript paper from a score. This makes it easier for the musician to play or sing. Copyist must have strong notation skills, training in music theory and neatness and accuracy in copy work.

Composers Assistant:

Working as composers assistant, is the best way to establish connections in professional circles. Being a composers assistant makes one aware of the various avenues they can stand their own as composers.

Music journalist/Critic:

Analysing and writing reviews of music is another option that a composer can opt for. With the advent of internet publications, there are many outlets for reviewers to contribute to online journals.

Video game industry:

Composers can work in computer and video game industry. They write music to convey a certain mood, and games are driven by the action of the piece.

Publishing house or recording company:

Composers are hired by publishing houses and recording companies. Being with a publishing house composers get the chance to attend concerts, meet other composers and learn about the latest trends in music. Recording companies also seek to employ composers for repertoire selection, curating of their discography, and other important duties.

Radio stations:

Radio stations need composers to select repertoire and work on the shows.

Work in software:

Composers with computer skills can work on music software programs. Educational software for music theory, ear training, or performance-based software, is a growing market with a need for trained musicians. Internet-based media also employ composers.

Administration (presenting):

Many music organisations, orchestra and opera company need knowledgeable people to work for them in their task of presenting concerts. Organisations that sponsors, advertise or even fund concerts hire composers to administer the program or task. Administration side of such organisations involves marketing, accounting, legal, education, etc.

Advertising Companies:

Composers may find a surprisingly lucrative career in advertising and commercial music. Advertising company exist in almost all cities. Composers can work on freelance basis in advertising companies.

Film & Television Media:

Composers can find work in film and television media. For documentaries and film, composers are required to create music.

Institutes:

• Whistling Woods International
• AAFT (Asian Academy of Film & Television)
• Mumbai Film Academy
• Vijaya Film Institute
• GIMS (Greenway Institute Of Management Studies)
• CRAFT – Center for Research in Art of Film and Television
• Digital Academy – The Film School
• Indian Film and Television Institute
• Noida School of Rock
• Mumbai Music School

Courses:

• Bachelors in Music Production
• Diploma in Music Production
• Diploma in Sound Recording & Designing

Challenges:

• The first one is creating a great melody or melodies for each piece without duplicating something that you have written before.
• Another challenge is to compose a piece that is beyond your comfort zone. For instance, it’s fun to write a piece that only uses 100 notes – a little bit like Twitter! There is actually a music group that requests submissions for such a piece.
• Not to be predictable in music. You might want the audience to be surprised by what key you use or how you end the piece. Most importantly have a balance of both familiarity and surprise

Remuneration:

Composers are usually paid on a per-project basis. Salary of a Music directors vary from project to project and sometimes based on the popularity of a song or piece of music. In some cases, they also get royalty and in some cases price is decided for every song they compose. On an average, a popular and successful Bollywood composer earns 1 Crore to 4 Crore from a film based on the number of songs they compose. There may be some exception when they get paid more than this amount, but that don’t happen very often.

Bibliography:

• “Careers In Music Composing : Career Options | Media And Entertainment Careers In India.” career.webindia123.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.
• “CBSE Sample Papers | CBSE Syllabus 2015, Textbooks, Schools CBSE.Nic.In.” Icbse.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.
• →, View. “The Challenges Of Composing Music – Sharon Ruchman Original Classical Music Composer & Musician.” Sharon Ruchman Original Classical Music Composer & Musician. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.
• “News,Articles,Blogs,Classifieds,Business Listings,Automobile,India, World News. Offers Discount Coupons | Webindia123.” webindia123. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.
• “Educhoice.” Educhoice.org. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

If you are one of those who is artistically inclined and have a creative mind to put down your thoughts or feelings as drawings or paintings, you could seriously consider taking up a career in painting. But an artists field is very competitive and takes a lot of hard work, determination and overall perseverance to succeed. You need immense talent for creating original, unique pieces of art to be a successful painter.

Painting is an art in which colours and lines make a visual impression. It is the means of expressing ones ideas or feelings to others in pictorial form. Painting not only mean the traditional paintings on canvas, but also on glass, ceramic, pot, fabric etc as well as it could be using different paint mediums such as watercolor, pastels, oil etc. Not only brushes but knives, spatula, nibs and even twigs could be used for painting designs.

Taking up painting as a hobby is one thing but taking it up as a career is a different thing altogether. For making a living out of painting, not only talent but also an ability to market yourself, make people want to buy your products is of utmost importance. Once you decide on a career in painting, you can try out the different styles or mediums to work with, get trained, specialise in a particular style, or develop your own unique style.

Painting as an art form has flourished in India since prehistoric times as is evident from literary sources and also from the remnants that have been discovered. Bringing about a reflection of religious beliefs, political events and social customs, Indian classic paintings offer a beautiful record of centuries and provide an aesthetic continuum that extends from the early civilisation to the present day. Indian paintings especially the Miniatures, murals, Thangka, Madhubani, Warlis, Tanjore and various other styles are considered as masterpieces of Indian art.

Comparatively, painting as an art piece is appreciated by more and more people these days as against a few art connoisseurs earlier. Moreover paintings are in vogue these days, for decorating interiors. With more and more art galleries coming up in metro cities in India, budding painters have a platform to display their works while the lay man has an opportunity to view the paintings and buy a piece or two.

Eligibility:

Artistic talent is inherent, it is gods gift, we have to polish or sharpen this talent. One could either attend an art school, do a course or train under a master painter.

Educational : Even though Painting is an art that requires no qualification, by taking a course a person can be trained and his inherent ability can be polished and developed under a trainer. There are many fine arts colleges and institutions offering undergraduate level to higher level degrees in drawing and painting. You can do bachelor, master’s or diploma courses to polish your skills.

Minimum qualification is 10+2 to take up a Bachelor diploma course which is of 3 years and 1 year duration respectively. Master level course is of 2 years and qualification required is degree. There are also various short term courses.

Personal Attributes:

In this field, creativity is more important than educational qualification. As per technicality is concerned, you should be well aware of the different shades of colors and the methods that help in mixing them. To make money in this field you should have the ability to sell yourself. You must have good communication and language skills to present your work.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Indian paintings have huge demand world wide and prices of paintings done by Indian artists have soared in the global market. Requirement for different forms of painting such as allegorical, religious, historical, landscape and portraiture have also churned out unexpected demand for talented professionals. These days paintings have also become an integral part of interior decoration. Be it a commercial enterprise or a house or hotel, an elegant painting hung on the wall is a common sight. This too has increased the demand for paintings. Hence a career in this area is a right choice for those with artistic talent.

Painters can specialise painting in a particular medium such as Glass, Ceramic, Oil etc or a particular style, such as Sketching and Indian Folk Painting. There are various career choices for a painter. He can opt freelancing or work under someone. A freelancer can hold his/her own painting exhibitions. They can also work for art galleries where the art work can be kept for auction and can be sold for prices depending on the work. If you join some firm, then you will have comparatively routine work to do.

Painting is a career which one can carve out of your hobby. Making a name initially in the field is not easy. As in any other fine arts field, perseverance is the name of the game.

One should keep contacting art galleries, exhibit their paintings, make connections, meanwhile keep at improving ones talent. If you are apprehensive about taking a full time painting career, you could do freelance work as a painter, while continuing with a regular job.

A painters work is not limited to canvas that is framed and sold in galleries or exhibitions. He/she can try their hand in doing art work or cartoons for newspapers, magazines, posters, film and TV industry. They could also diversify and be an illustrator, graphic artist, henna artist or take up website designing and animation. One can also opt for teaching as a career by joining Fine arts institutes/colleges or starting own coaching classes.

Courses:

There are the following courses after 12^th in the field of painting and fine arts in India. There are lots of competitions in this field. Thus, the new programme are also been introduced in the field of drawing & painting.

UG Degree courses for the duration of 3-4 yrs;

• B.A. Drawing and Painting (Hons)
• B.A. Painting
• BFA Painting
• BFA Applied Arts

Diploma courses for the duration of 1-2 yrs;

• Diploma in Painting
• Junior Diploma Course Part I
• Junior Diploma Course Part II

Certificate courses for the duration of six months – 1 yr;

• Certificate Course in Painting
• Certificate in Visual Arts – Painting (CVAP)
• Junior Certificate in Fine Art – Part I
• Junior Certificate in Fine Arts – Part II

Beside these course, many institutions and colleges offers the online courses in the field of painting. Such courses are as the following:

• Online Foundation Course
• Online Portrait Painting
• Online Abstract Art Course
• Online Organic Art
• Online Still Life Painting
• Online Landscape Painting
• Online Art Business
• Directed Studies

After the completion of 12^th standard, there are various options in arts. In the course curriculum, the students are taught about the color theory, history of arts and culture of painting. There are few types of painting media like oil, pastel, acrylic, water-color, ink, hot wax, fresco, gouache, enamel spray paint, tempera and water miscible oil paint. There are six styles of painting as western, eastern, Indian, Islamic and African. The contemporary art is one of the newest styles of the painting.

Institutes:

• The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
• Nirmala Niketan College of Home Science
• Government Maharani Laxmi bai Post Graduate Girls College, Indore
• Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University (JNAFAU), Hyderabad
• Kala Bhavan (Institute of Fine Arts), Santiniketan
• Sir J.J Institute of Applied Arts, Mumbai
• College of Art, Delhi

Challenges:

• It is not easy being a successful fine artist (someone who makes a living by creating original, one-off pieces of art) — but many people do succeed in supporting themselves through a combination of hard work, perseverance, and using their artistic talents and knowledge in a variety of ways to supplement their income from the creation of original works of art.
• The creative industry is competitive. Art will not make you the same money as being a stockbroker might, but you have to decide what is more important to you: money or having a job/career you thoroughly enjoy. Do you want a fancy car, or simply one that will get you from point A to point B without breaking down? Do you want a fancy designer top or would you rather use the money for a large tub of genuine cadmium red? Assess your priorities and make your choices accordingly. It takes hard work and determination, the ability to sell yourself, and to produce the goods.
• Nothing is rote in art, so teaching is a constant process of discovery for both the student and the teacher. It can be demanding and exhausting at times, so it does take discipline and effort to ensure that you schedule enough time for your own artwork.
• It takes a lot of determination, hard work, hard selling, and persistence to make a career as a fine artist. You need to create paintings people want to buy. Are you willing to change your style and subject matter so that people will buy more? Will you take commissions, painting to order in terms of size, color, and subject? Being a competent painter isn’t a magic wand. You also need to be able to market yourself and your work.

Remuneration:

A painter’s earning is hard to be defined. If you work under a firm, salary depends on the concern you join. Income in this field is based on the skill and the popularity of your work. But, once you are established in this field, your earnings will keep on multiplying.

A fresher in this profession can earn upto Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 15,000 per month according to their talent and work. After gaining an experience in this field, you can earn up to Rs. 20,000 to Rs 25,000 per month on the basis of your work experience, company you work, location, etc.

On a survey by the bureau of labour statistics in USA, the annual earning of an artist including painter is around $42650.

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Painting : Career Options | Media and Entertainment Careers in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/painting/intro.htm [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

SarvGyan. (2017). Career in Drawing and Painting – Perfect field for Art Lovers. [online] Available at: https://www.sarvgyan.com/courses/drawing-painting [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

ThoughtCo. (2017). What Career Options are Available for Artists?. [online] Available at: https://www.thoughtco.com/choosing-art-as-a-career-2577990 [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Options in the Field of Photography ? This section features Photography as a career options, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Photography is a unique and creative medium of self-expression. It is an art form requiring aesthetic sense as well as technical expertise. A hobby that can be made profitable by going professional by the talented.

With the explosion of the communication network, the growth of advertising and media and the fashion boom, and digital photography, it has now become a profession with great commercial value. Photos are an essential part in both print and electronic media. So this is an area offering great scope for those who have an interest and attributes needed to be a professional.

Being a creative medium, photography requires more of inherent talent for success than formal training. However training hones the inherent skills and help to shine in this competitive field with various specialisations like portraiture, fashion and advertising photography, journalistic photography, wildlife and outdoors photography etc. Creating a commercial quality photograph requires the skill for choosing and presenting a subject in a way to achieve the maximum effect with the appropriate equipment. One should have a definite know how of the angle, lighting and the latest equipments and technology to make a name in the field.

If you want to be a part of this extremely creative profession, all you need is a keen eye for aesthetic detail and for what is “photo-worthy”; a thorough knowledge of cameras and the technicalities involved in taking pictures, of light, distance and perspective; a sensitive and introspective nature; and, most importantly, the guts to take up as a profession, what most of the time remains a hobby. Seems like a tall order? Not really, for those committed to creating magic with their cameras, it should be as much part of the job as the indispensable camera.

Photographers, like artists, have a wide variety of choices as far as subjects are concerned. The choices, in fact, are as varied and diverse as life itself. From photojournalism (which deals with lending a visual touch to news reporting) to wild life photography, fashion photography, photo portraits, still-life photography and mood photography, there’s a comprehensive list of options to choose from. so all you wannabe shutterbugs out there who want to add your name to that list, get clicking!

Eligibility & Course Areas:

Educational: There are no specific academic requirements for full time courses in photography, however, candidates who have cleared the 10+2 exam are eligible for the diploma/certificate courses in photography. There are many students who learn photography along with their college degree, doing a part-time course. Besides the Certificate and Diploma courses in the field,

Photography is also offered as an optional subject for a bachelor’s degree in Fine arts. Some institutes offer full fledged B.A courses in photography of three year duration.

Besides the academic requirements, having a background in computers or electronics, related work experience and training is beneficial for making a break in the field.

Personality Traits:

It’s a profession as well as an art form. For photography as a career, one must have that extra quality, an interest in visuals, an attentiveness to colour, shape and shadow, an interest in light, in observing how colours look on certain days Establishing oneself as a professional photographer is no cakewalk, which is why, perhaps unfortunately, many talented photographers remain amateurs. The climb is hard and long, and the financial returns, not very satisfactory in the beginning. Only those with tenacity and a never-say-die attitude, coupled with a real love of the medium hold on. They go on to become household names like Raghu Rai and Dayanita Singh.

Successful photographers are creative individuals who can think and communicate in visual terms. They are able to interpret a client’s needs, translating their ideas into images that work. Thus photography basically requires a keen, observant eye, and an intelligent, curious and perceptive mind. A photographer must have full knowledge and command over the variety of cameras, lights and props, and all kinds of photographic techniques. They should have a sense of light and shade and the magic of colours. Photographer must have creativity, determination and good powers of observation. They must also have the ability to work quickly under pressure, in difficult conditions and irregular hours.

Courses/Training:

There are two routes into this career. The formal and the experiential. A course or formal training in the subject opens options for working with magazines or newspapers. With a regular income, there is always an opportunity to experiment with a wide range of subjects. The second is to learn as an apprentice to a professional photographer, which can involve learning the basic jobs before getting to know the real techniques of the profession . Photography is more craft learnt through practise and training of the eye. Technical training and information cannot make you ‘see’ things unless you have that inner ability, an intelligent, curious and perceptive mind.

Most BFA or Applied Art Courses impart specialised training in photography. Design Courses at National Institute of Design have photography as a subject. Indian Institute of Mass Communication, New Delhi and Mass Communication Research Centre, Jamia Millia Islamia offer basic courses in Photography. After Class XII, one can join as an apprentice with a photography unit. Graduation could be pursued through correspondence.

Alternative One can join a graduate course in Applied Art. (Look up art schools in the section on art for list of institutions).

Institutes:

1. Delhi College of Photography
2. Asian Academy of Film and Television (AAFT), Noida
3. Symbiosis School of Photography
4. Light and Life Academy
5. Jawaharlal Nehru Architecture and Fine Arts University, Hyderabad
6. AJ Kidwai Mass Communication Research Center
7. Asian Academy of Film and Television
8. Osmania University
9. National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad
10. Sir JJ Institute of Applied Arts
11. National Institute of Photography
12. The Indian Institute of Digital Art and Animation

Placements & Prospects:

One of the most exciting aspects of photography is the variety of jobs available in the field, ranging from highly specialised, technical work to jobs that require creativity and Visual literacy. Photographers can start working as assistants to senior photographers, in which capacity they are paid around Rs. 3,500 – 6,000.

One can begin your career as an assistant of a senior or professional photographer, so that he/she can grasp the finer points of photography. Photographers can specialise in areas such as portrait, commercial and industrial, advertising, scientific, fashion, news, wildlife photography etc. They have the option to either take up jobs with news papers, magazines, advertising agencies, government agencies, industrial houses or work as free lancers. The government employs photographers on a regular pay scale to do general photography documentation, for covering day-to-day events and functions and for making photo features and captioning. Fashion photographers can find employment with fashion houses, designers, fashion journals and news papers.

Photographers work with magazine and newspaper publishers, with commercial photographers or work in their own studio. Freelancing has been the most popular career choice among photographers.

Special areas of work: Photographers have used their skills in the following areas:

Photojournalism – Photojournalists work for newspapers and news magazines who commission them to provide photographs of newsworthy events, things and situations. Photojournalists combine an ability to find and record dramatic action with photographic talent. The job requires agility and may often be carried on in hazardous situations. A high level of observation and alertness is required in the field.

Commercial photography – This branch involves photographing for several commercial segments such as merchandise , exteriors and interiors, machinery and fashions to be used in advertising and selling. A great variety of cameras, lights, props are used in commercial photography.

Advertising – In advertising, the challenge is in striking a balance between creativity and the client’s demands for conveying the desired message. The job offers tremendous scope for experimentation and creative skills.

Fashion – Fashion photography is one of the most lucrative forms of photography. Fashion photographers cater to a variety of clients, fashion houses, designers, portfolios for models, fashion journals and newspapers. They are required to have an eye for detail and knowledge of fashion . Fashion photographers are aware of styles, moods and fashion trends. The job is in the studio as well as on locations.

Food display– Food photographers work for food manufactures, hotels and restaurants, exporters, dairy and ice-cream companies. Photographs are shot either in a studio with an attached kitchen or in hotels for exclusive shots.

Industrial photography – Industrial photographers photograph workers on the job, machinery, industrial layout, prominent places in the industry etc. These photographs are used in company publications or for ad campaigns. Industrial photography demands knowledge of the industry as well as its equipment.

Wildlife photography – Wildlife photographers have interest in nature, wildlife, birds, and their habitats, keen observation,patience, an eye for interesting details and love for adventure. Animals, natural habitats and surrounding are photographed. Wildlife photographers have to wait for hours to catch the animals in the right mood and pose.The work is carried on in sanctuaries, forests and reserves. The task being challenging is very remunerative.

Aerial photography – Aerial photographs of places, buildings, landscapes, terrain which cannot be reached with ease, particularly during natural disasters, war and other similar situations are taken from aircraft in flight. These are used for news, business, industrial, scientific or military purposes.

Scientific photography – Photographic illustrations and documentation are used for scientific publications and research reports. The chief areas scientific photographers cover are engineering, aerodynamics, medicine, biology and chemistry. Medical journals and books carry photographs taken by specialists in this field who have both knowledge and interest.

Press photographers are also known as photojournalists. Press photographers supply pictures to the national and local press, and must be versatile with an ability to photograph all kinds of subjects. They must have journalistic instincts, know what makes a good news picture, be able to write accurate captions, work well with reporters, be quick and often work under difficult conditions.

Feature photography essentially involves telling a story in pictures and therefore requires knowledge of the subject. Feature Photographers cover an entire theme or subject with a set of photographs. The work is varied, and leads to assignments at any time and in any place-photographing people at home, or life in foreign parts, or schools at work, anything that makes a story. Photographers specialise in the photography of wildlife, sports travel, environment etc. They may work with news reporters or work as free-lancers and take independent assignments on environment, wild life etc.

Editorial Photographers work normally for magazines and periodicals, nearly always as freelancers. The main task of an editorial photographer is to pictorially illustrate what is written in the article or report. Work can be varied, depending on the article or report, which needs illustration.

Commercial/ Industrial photographer takes pictures of merchandise, exteriors and interiors of factories, and machinery both indoors and outdoors to be used for company brochures, annual reports, and in advertising and selling. An industrial photographer’s main emphasis is on taking pictures for a single company or firm. The main intention is to make the company’s factory, machines or products look good.

Portrait / wedding photographers: They take pictures of individuals or small groups. Portrait subjects like pets, children, families, weddings, functions and activities of sports and social clubs. However, there is an increasing demand for portraits in the home, garden or workplace, especially in the case of children’s portraits. Portrait photographers may work for a studio or be self-employed.

Advertising photographs are either taken by the photographic departments of advertising agencies, by photographic studios, or by freelance photographers. A large number of photographers do catalogue work, while some studios specialize in ‘mail order’ photography. This is the best paid and most competitive branch; success in this sphere depends entirely on ability, efficiency and the right personality. Advertising photographers are usually provided with instructions as to what exactly has to be photographed. However they are also expected to suggest their own ideas for new angles.

Fashion photography as a career developed recently in India. It is an extremely creative and well paid profession. Most fashion photography is done by specialist studios or freelancers who are commissioned by fashion houses or advertising agencies. They usually work under the direction of a fashion expert. The bulk of fashion photography is carried out in either Mumbai or Delhi and involves by highly sophisticated and well-equipped studios by freelancers who are commissioned by fashion houses of advertising agencies. They can also find employment with fashion houses, designers, fashion journals and news papers.

Fine arts photographers sell their photographs as fine artwork. In addition to technical proficiency, fine arts photographers need artistic talent and creativity.

Digital photography involves the use of a digital camera. The images are captured on a disk, floppy or directly on to the computer. In conventional methods of photography the images were captured on film which had to be processed and then scanned with the help of a scanner onto the computer for any further changes or effects that the image may need. Digital photography saves time and money that goes into scanning images. Digital photography is used largely in the media, as digital images can be stored easily and conveyed quickly over long distances.

Nature and Wildlife Photography involves taking photographs of animals, birds, plants and landscapes. While photos of rare species are in great demand, nature photographs are also widely used as pictures for calendars or covers. Romantic sunsets, flowers, trees, lakes and waterfalls, etc, all make interesting subjects for a nature photographer.

Forensic Photography : A crime scene must be photographed from every angle clearly to show detail, with the emphasis on accurately recording the size and distance of objects. They can find employment with law enforcement agencies, police, legal system and in the investigative services of the government and also private detective agencies.

Freelancing has been the most popular career choice among photographers. Photographers who want to be self-employed need to have business management skills. They must have good communication, problem solving skills, and be able to work independently. They can do freelancing in any of the above fields

Challenges:

“Photography is an art”, so photographer faced many problems, some of them I have mention here,

1. Attempting to get your own work appreciated amongst the noise can begin to feel futile. With the majority of this astonishing number coming after the rise in popularity of digital and mobile photography, it doesn’t seem likely that this task will become any easier over time.
2. With the rise in amateur photography, there has also been an increasing tendency for people to think that the art of photography is nothing more than taking decent photographs. Many of this new type of self-styled photographer claim to be professional, however, the term ‘professional’ is often used far too loosely to encompass anyone who is paid to take photographs.
3. High cost of photography equipment – If you read the latest photography trade press, you could be forgiven for thinking that you need to spend a fortune to become a decent photographer. Indeed, many amateur and professional photographers alike can be seen with giant backpacks and kit dangling off all their limbs. The quality of the kit, however, is never an indication of the quality of the photographer.
4. You need to multitask – Sadly, taking photographs has become just one of the many skills professional photographers need to have in order to build a successful career. To run a business well you will need also be a skilled marketer, accountant, and digital editor. With the requirements of running a business taking up a lot of your day you might be disappointed by the lack of time you are spending behind the camera. On the other side, if you do spend too much time behind the camera, you will soon find difficulty in securing future work.
5. Every artist fears the day that somebody else takes credit for their hard work. With piracy and image theft a growing issue online, the threat of photographers having their copyright violated is very real.

Remuneration:

Photography as a field has no particular or fixed career and salary structure. One has to be very brave to start off as a freelancer. You would rather begin by working in a studio. One can start as an assistant to senior photographers in which you’d be paid Rs 3500 to Rs 6000. Once you are established, you would be paid as per the assignment. The range can be from Rs 10,000 to Rs 30,000. Fields like commercial photography pay higher compared to the other fields. Beginnings can be made at Rs. 15,000 which may grow over a period of time.

A Photographer earns an average salary of Rs 345,727 per year. A skill in fashion photography is associated with high pay for this job. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 10 years in this career.

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Photography: Career Options | Photography Careers and Courses in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/photography/intro.htm [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Indicareer.com. (2017). Photography, Photography Career, Photography Institutes. [online] Available at: http://www.indicareer.com/Photography/India-Career-Photography.html [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

https://www.shiksha.com/arts-fine-visual-performing/photography/articles/top-10-colleges-for-photography-courses-in-india-blogId-11445

Interactive Design Institute. (2017). 5 Threats Facing Professional Photographers | Creative Drum. [online] Available at: https://idesigni.co.uk/blog/challenges-of-becoming-a-professional-photographer/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

THE LIFE CAPTURES. (2017). 5 Problems Faced By A Photographer While Capturing The Beauty. [online] Available at: http://thelifecaptures.com/2017/07/30/5-problems-faced-by-a-photographer-while-capturing-the-beauty/ [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Timesjobs.com. (2017). Photography � Career Opportunities for Photographers � TimesJobs.com. [online] Available at: http://www.timesjobs.com/candidate/careerresources/htmls/photography.jsp [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Journalism is a broad field with various specialisations like sports, film and television, photo, print etc. Of these, one of the leading streams today is photojournalism. It is an integral part of journalism as photographs play a vital role in depicting events. Initially, the term ‘photojournalism’ was restricted to still photography, but its scope has now widened and photo journalists even shoot videos to come up with a good news item/ feature.

Photojournalism involves application of photography skills and aesthetics to the area of news reporting and journalism. In other words, it is the practice of creating images in order to tell a news story. It includes collecting, editing and presenting of news material (pictures) for publication or broadcast to the news media like newspapers, magazines, television channels, websites and other journals. At times, a single photograph can convey a news story of thousand words. It is the skill of the photojournalist to take photos with such impact

Photojournalists are visual reporters who click photographs at events that makes news. He is a photographer who is able to tell a story with pictures, or contribute pictures to compliment a news story. Photo journalists may work side by side with a reporter to decide which photographs will accompany an article.

A journalist can write about an event or news, as elaborately or in a highly emotional manner as possible, but if it is accompanied by a photograph the subject matter is much communicable to the readers or viewers than a news without images. That explains the worth of photographs in news reporting.

Personal Attributes:

Main attribute required for a candidate interested in this field is photography and editorial skills. Aspirants in this field also need a keen eye for aesthetic detail, and a thorough knowledge of cameras and the technicalities involved in taking pictures, of light, distance and perspective. One must have extra qualities like an interest in visuals, an attentiveness to colour, shape and shadow. Apart from these, candidates require creativity, good power of observation and a curious and perceptive mind. They must also have the ability to work quickly under pressure, in difficult conditions and irregular hours. He/She should be updated on how to use modern gadgets like digital camera and other software in order to develop quality photographs.

Eligibility & Course Areas:

Educational

Photojournalism is taught in most institutes as part of curriculum of a Bachelor’s degree or Post-Graduate degree in journalism/mass communication. Hence those interested in this field need to pursue a course with specialisation in photojournalism. There are separate courses for photo journalism offered at certificate and diploma level.

Minimum eligibility for Bachelor degree in Journalism or mass media is 10+2, and for Post graduate degree courses is a Bachelor degree in journalism. Some institutes also provide one year certificate courses in photojournalism for which eligibility is 10+2.

Course in photojournalism covers reporting and drawing, camera operation and lighting, digital imaging, video capture, computer based image processing etc.

» Certificate Course in Photo Journalism

» Certificate in Still Photography and Journalism

» Diploma in Photo Journalism

» Diploma in Photography

» Bachelor of Journalism

» Bachelor of Journalism & Mass Communication

Institutes:

Some of the leading institutions offering programs in photo journalism as part of the curriculum of other media courses in India are:

• India International Photographic Council & School of Fototechnik (New Delhi),
• Amity School of Journalism & Communication (Delhi),
• Asian College of Journalism (Chennai),
• Bhavan’s Institute of Communication & Management (Mumbai),
• Indian institute of Mass Communication (Delhi),
• Indian Centre for Media & Communication (Pune).
• Symbiosis School of Photography (Pune).

Find out more: https://www.scholarshipsinindia.com/photojournalism_courses_in_india.html

Job Prospects & Career Options:

There are several opportunities available for a photojournalist. Opportunities are open in both print and digital media as both need news worthy photos. Photojournalism is quite lucrative field provided one is determined to make it to the top.

Photo journalists could specialise as a criminal photo journalist, natural calamity photo journalist, political photo journalist, sports photojournalist, fashion/ film photo journalist etc. depending on their nature of work. The main job of a photojournalist is to provide pictures for stories or news articles that provide clear and truthful images corresponding with the topic. They will offer services including photo shoots, photo editing and graphic design services, and writing small editorial pieces to go along with photos. The success of a photo journalist depends on the ability to get the right pictures which are rare and worthy of preserving. Main drawback of this field is the timing. Photojournalists are expected to work long or odd hours. They must be on call to capture a breaking news story.

Employment options: Photojournalist are hired mainly by newspapers, magazines or any other media houses. Many newspapers and magazines have built their reputation with the help of excellent photographs taken by these photojournalists. Photojournalists are also hired by businesses or individuals to take photos for an event or advertisement. They also get chances to work for television stations or websites in staff or freelance positions.

They have another option to work as freelance photojournalists and do work for several companies at a time. Yet another group start their own photography and photo editing/graphic design business on the web to gain potential clients and display their skills. Some photojournalists after advancement in their career, start their own print or online publication.

Challenges:

• First whom to work for. For a newspaper or as a freelancer, or for an agency. Finding a publication sufficiently solvent to buy your work.
• Salaried jobs may be more difficult to obtain as companies increasingly contract with freelancers rather than hire their own photographers.
• In the future, most photojournalists will be self-employed professionals who market their services, buy all their own gear, insurance and take all of the risks for a relatively small per-assignment budget.
• Photojournalists are expected to do much more with much fewer resources.
• Add to this that photojournalists are expected to know how to shoot and edit video, to have advanced Photoshop and other software skills, and to have all of their own digital gear, computers and software.

Remuneration:

Salary of photojournalist depends on the employer and position held by him/her. Generally, at the beginning of the career a photojournalist can earn around Rs.12,000 – 15,000 per month. Experienced ones can easily earn between Rs.25,000 and Rs.30,000 per month.

Newspapers and news agencies pay according to the assignment offered to the photojournalists. Salary increases with experience, hard work and skills. A freelancers income could be unlimited. Those who have acquired perfection in the field are offered high pays by reputed organisations.

Useful Links:

https://www.nyfa.edu/student-resources/photography-jobs-average-salary/

Bibliography:

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Careers in Photojournalism: Career Options | Photojournalism Careers and Courses in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/photojournalism/intro.htm [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Scholarships In India and International. (2017). Photojournalism Courses In India,Course,Institutes,Colleges,Career,Scholarships. [online] Available at: https://www.scholarshipsinindia.com/photojournalism_courses_in_india.html [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/What-are-biggest-challenges-for-photojournalists-today [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Printing technology has definite scope in today’s media-driven world. Print media one of the strongest and powerful mass communication media, is a large scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing. Print technology was invented in the fourteenth century by Johannes Gutenberg of Europe, most popularly known as the father of printing. Though printing used to exist in China and East Asia much earlier initially as Wood block printing and then as movable printing, it was the printing press or the movable type printing of Gutenberg that the later developments were derived from.

Most notable among the printing techniques later developed include Steaming press (1830), Rotary printing press (1843) where the content to be printed are rolled around a cylinder, which enabled mass production, and its more popular variations such as Offset press (where the inked content is transferred from a plate to a rubber surface and then to the printing surface), Gravure (where the content to be printed is made up of small depressions in the surface of the printing plate) and flexography (where a flexible plate is used), digital printing and many more. With recent advances in engineering and the boom in use of computers in business, modern technology has changed the way in which printing is now executed. Latest presses are mostly computer controlled.

Printing means presentation. It is the presentation of our ideas, views, thoughts, news & events, expressions and skill in the form of printed text or graphic format. In other words, it is a tool to express creativity using technical skills. It is a multi-disciplinary profession, which deals with text and graphics to make a final print by transferring ink on paper or board or other materials. The printed material either book, magazine or newspaper has a strong impact on society and plays a key role in nation building. Print media influences every sphere of our life. It not only helps in educating people but also provide them a clear picture of what is going on in and around the world.

Printing technology, a part of the mass communication process involves several skills, in which technical skills holds prime importance. Each person engaged in performing typesetting, designing, pasting, plate making, image setting, camera work, printing and binding has a specific and specialised role to perform and contribute for the final output.

The type of printing process / technique used varies depending on the sort of final product your employer’s business produces. The most popular applications of printing are newspapers, periodicals and hoardings, which include colour magazines, books, brochures, posters, catalogue, pamphlet, banners and so on. Others manufacture labels for foodstuffs, bottles and clothing. Some produce specialised items such as chip packets, frozen food wrapping and CD labels. Offset printing (combined with lithography technique is commonly used for books and newspapers), Rotogravure (for magazines, packaging), Flexography (for labels, packaging, newspapers), screen printing (for printing on T-shirts, floor tiles etc.), digital printing such as inkjet (for books, packaging etc), laser (for bills, documents), dot-matrix etc are some of the common techniques used.

Eligibility:

Educational

Printing technology courses are offered in India at four levels i.e. diploma, Bachelor degree, Masters degree and Ph.D. which are offered at universities, institutes and at the polytechnic level.

The eligibility for admission in Printing Technology Courses are,

For B.E/B.Tech and diploma courses about 50% marks in PCM (Physics, Chemistry and Maths) at plus two level is required, but it may vary depending on the institute. B.Tech aspirants are required to appear at the state level engineering competitive examination or all India level tests (like AIEEE). The course involves studies in subjects like Technology of Printing and Packaging, Materials Science, Mathematics, Science, Business and Management Studies. Bachelor courses are of four years duration and diploma course is one to one and half years.

For admission into M.Tech./M.E./M.S. course, students with minimum of 50 percent aggregate in engineering should appear in the test conducted by the University teaching departments. The duration of the course is two years. For Ph.D. research, students can directly register themselves after their masters or bachelor degree in engineering as per the ordinance of the University. The duration of the research work may vary from three years to five years.

Institutes:

• Jadavpur University
• Anna University
• Pune Vidyarthi Griha’s College of Engineering & Technology
• Savitribai Phule Pune University
• SIES Graduate School of Technology
• University of Calicut

For more details visit link – http://www.nipa.in/vendors/Printing%20Institutes%20in%20India.pdf

Personal Attributes:

To be in the field of print technology one must be a mechanical or electronics-oriented person. Perceptual and creative aptitude is an added advantage in this field. Apart from this, manual dexterity, ability to work as a team, innovation, eye for detail etc. is required. He must keep himself updated with the changing technologies. Good eyesight, including visual acuity, depth perception, field of view, color vision, and the ability to focus quickly, also are assets.

Job Prospects & Career Options:

Print technology is a career area most suited for mechanical minded as well as creative people. In our information era, printing and publishing are one of the largest industries with a steep growth in demand for personnel, skilled in advanced methods of printing technology.

There are thousands of printing houses/presses or processing houses in India. Printing technology specialists are required by every major printing press be it for newspapers, journals or magazines. All the more with the development of more and more high tech technologies and equipment, printing presses require quality technicians with knowledge in the various printing machinery and tools.

The type of printing process/ technique used depend on the sort of final product your employer’s business produces. The main specialisations/applications in printing technology are general printing (mail order coupons to catalogues); books; high-quality colour printing (cards, brochures, fine art reproduction); newspapers; security printing (bank notes or bond issues); transactional printing (bills, documents); cartons (food and other packaging); magazines; stationery; metal (cans, badges). Some produce specialised items such as chip packets, frozen food wrapping and CD labels. Offset printing (combined with lithography technique is commonly used for books and newspapers), Rotogravure (for magazines, packaging), Flexography (for labels, packaging, newspapers), screen printing (for printing on T-shirts, floor tiles etc.), digital printing such as inkjet (for books, packaging etc), laser (for bills, documents), dot-matrix etc are some of the common techniques used.

Printing industry provides excellent career opportunities and advancement, to deserving and hard working people. A career in printing gives opportunities in technical, marketing and managerial positions. One can work in various positions like General Manager, Registrar, Director, Professor, Reader, Lecturer, Consultant, Production Officer, Assistant Director (Production), Technical Officer, Printing Officer or Manager, Supervisor, Publication Officer etc. Their work areas and skills required may range from purchasing and quality testing of print material, press management, operation and knowledge of various printing techniques; computer operations, installation procedure and software use; market survey, Electronic type setting and composition; plate making; colour mixing techniques; graphic design and layout etc.

Jobs for printing technologist are available in advertising agencies, newspapers/magazines, government presses, publishing houses, machine/ printer manufacturers, packaging industries, book printers and even more in private commercial press as technology consultant. Another option is teaching where jobs exist in schools, colleges and polytechnics offering vocational, diploma, degree and master degree courses. They could even start and manage their own printing and DTP units or binding and packaging units or work as middlemen to collect print associated works for other units. A print technologist in the production department of a newspaper or a magazine starts his career as Production supervisor which may go up to the level of General Manager.

Challenges:

• Working Conditions – Hours. The average non supervisory worker in the printing industry worked 38.3 hours per week in 2008, compared with 40.8 hours per week across all manufacturing industries. Workers in the industry generally put in an 8-hour day, but overtime is often required to meet production deadlines. Larger companies tend to have shift work. Shift schedules and overtime are based largely on seniority, and differ from establishment to establishment.
• Not only is digital printing a highly competitive business – forcing you to keep an eye on your competitors – , it’s also one propelled by technological advancement – obliging you to invest in new hardware and software regularly in order to make the most of the opportunities presented by the market.

Remuneration:

The job offers good remuneration in the production department of newspapers, publishing house, packaging, pre-press work, digital designing etc.

“In terms of Salary, this field offers handsome packages to the deserving candidates.” Salary one gets depend upon the position he/she holds.

A student with a diploma in Printing Technology may get a monthly salary of Rs.12000-15000 per month in the beginning. Similarly, a degree holder in Printing Technology may get a monthly salary of Rs. 15000-20000 per month as starting pay scale.

In the United States, the average salary of a Printer Technician is around $50k per year. Candidates who have higher degrees and sufficient experience in this field can earn the handsome salary.

Bibliography:

Careercouncillor.com. (2017). Future After Class 10th :: CareerCouncillor. [online] Available at: http://careercouncillor.com/newhomepage/tenth_details.php?course=Printing%20Technology [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

career.webindia123.com. (2017). Educational Qualification required for studying Print Technology| Print Technology Careers and Courses in India. [online] Available at: https://career.webindia123.com/career/options/media_entertainment/print_technology/eligibility.htm [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Collegegrad.com. (2017). Printing Industry: Career, Outlook and Education Information – CollegeGrad.com. [online] Available at: https://collegegrad.com/industries/printing [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Xeikon.com. (2017). Overcoming the challenges in a digital printing environment. [online] Available at: https://www.xeikon.com/en/events-blog/blog/overcoming-challenges-digital-printing-environment [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

SarvGyan. (2017). Career In Printing Technology: Courses, Admission, Jobs, Salary. [online] Available at: https://www.sarvgyan.com/courses/engineering/printing-technology [Accessed 27 Sep. 2017].

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Options in the Field of Publishing ? This section features Publishing as a career options, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

One would think that with the advent of the techno-age, the publishing industry would go completely out of business. To the collective relief of thousands of publishers and zillions of print lovers, this is one dire prophecy that doesnt seem to be proving true. The publishing industry, along with an inherent love of the printed word, seems to be thriving. Its still not time to write it off as another has been! The word publishing denotes a huge amount of publishing work that includes the printing and publishing of books, newspapers, magazines, periodicals and journals. The basic requirements in terms of knowledge and experience remain the same in all these cases.

Jobs in this sector can be roughly categorised under three heads editorial, production and marketing. Of course, there are people, mostly in the upper echelons of the industry, who can claim to be equally good at all three. And then then there are those like Vikram Seth, and more recently, David Davidar, the dynamic editor of Penguin, who make the shift from editing and publishing to writing with what seems like convenient ease.

Personality Traits:

Editorial work is handled by professionals who have a background in the subject involved in being published. A teaching background is useful for educational publishing and a degree in science, medicine, law or another speciality for a post with publisher covering these fields. For fiction, a background in literature generally helps and is looked for by publishing houses.

Publishing is simply bursting with opportunities for those with an inborn love of books. Those who want to begin at the sub-editor level need to be equipped with basic editorial skills, and loads of patience as you might be required to read through reams of manuscripts. If the smell of fresh newsprint makes you look forward to a bright day, and you simply love the musty smell of old books, have an eye for details and for out-of-place words and punctuation, you could have a career in publishing!

Courses/Training:

Courses in Publishing are very few as most publishers prefer to train their own staff to suit their requirements.

• After XII (any subject), graduation/post graduation in journalism are suitable for shouldering editorial responsibility. Computing skills are required for word processing.
• Graduates of Art/ graphic designers/commercial art/photography/ calligraphy can join the art department.
• Class XII (PCM) followed by a diploma in printing technology can join the production department

Those looking for a career in publishing and with the required qualifications could find a job in Private publishing houses or in the publication department of any organisation that undertakes its own publishing. Some central and state government agencies such as the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , and of Education and Culture, also have their own publication divisions.

There are other government organisations involved in publishing educational and cultural publications – these include the Sahitya Akademi, Indian Council for Cultural Relations and the Indian Council of Social Science Research. One could also work in publishing houses of organisations that are subsidised or run by public trust funds are the National Book Trust, NCERT and the Children’s Book Trust. Some major universities have also set up publishing departments that bring out academic works as do private educational and charitable institutions, as well as cultural and religious trusts.

Publishing courses:

• B.A with Book Publishing
• Course for Publishing Professionals Course Content
• Course In Book Publishing-Course: NBT Training Course in Book Publishing

In book publishing, entry in the editorial section is generally at the sub-editorial level, or as trainee sub-editor or junior sub. The hierarchy thereafter is as follows: Assistant Sub Editor, Sub Editor, Assistant Editor, Associate Editor, and Editor.

Institutes:

The leading institutes of India that impart diploma, certificate, training programs and short term courses in book publishing are:

• IGNOU (branches located all over India)
• Annamalai University
• Shankar’s Academy of Art and Book Publishing located in New Delhi
• The Institute of Book Publishing located in New Delhi
• Swayambhuvah Learning Center in New Delhi
• Engineers India Research Institute located in New Delhi
• Sadhna Academy for Media Studies located in Noida
• College of Vocational Studies under the University of Delhi
• National Book Trust in New Delhi
• Universal Law Publishing Company Pvt Ltd in New Delhi

Placements & Prospects:

Editorial Jobs:

Appointing and working with an editorial team The editorial director guides the team of editors and oversees the complete running of the publishing house Editors are responsible for locating, identifying the value of publishing books falling within their specific areas They select and contact authors for writing books on select topics They oversee the work from the preparation of outline to the final production of the book.

In small book publishing businesses, the task of an editor may involve overseeing the production as well as marketing of the books Publishing begins with the processing of the manuscript This is followed by the reading of the proof by the author, proof reader and editor, for checking the content, sequence, spellings and grammatical errors The final laser prints of the book are made and the book goes for production The editor directs the policy of the publication, manages the staff and coordinates all the work The work of sub-editors on newspapers and magazines is similar to copy-editors in book publishing.

Production:

Editing is carried out on the computer and the typeface and page layout adjusted The illustrations, appearance of the book, book cover, paper quality is decided by the editor as well as the production in-charge The design department does the art work for the book. A number of publishing houses work with freelance artists on their roles who are commissioned for artwork, such as illustration, cover design, photographs etc.

Transparencies are prepared from the laser prints from which the frames for printing are prepared Production staff manage the technicalities of the printing process as well as the pricing and marketing of the product They purchase the paper, coordinate the printing and binding of the books In the newspaper and magazine segment the production department deals with purchase of newsprint as well as the printing and despatch of the newspapers/magazines to the marketing department.

Sales & Marketing:

Publicity, promotion, sales campaigns is the major responsibility Distribution of books entails understanding the market where the books may sell. Generally large distributors operate through a network of regional offices Sales outlets, bookshops are visited by sales representatives who have the responsibility of giving information of all forthcoming books as well as taking orders and ensuring supply. Distribution to libraries, schools, organisations is often done directly or through local book suppliers. The on-line book sales is perhaps the latest technique in marketing and sales.

Challenges:

• “Publishing is a thankless job,” as mentioned by a publisher. “Writers write and blame us for rejection. We get all the blame!” So why go into the line, then?
• The electronic publishing presents a challenge to the publishing industry. Publishing industry is facing the challenges from the new technologies which have threatened the printed word.
• Lack of respect and appreciation for what publishers do beyond simply adding value to content and making it available.
• Small royalties (10 to 15 per cent for a hard back; seven-and-a-half per cent for paper backs), the publisher himself barely manages to make more than a 10 per cent profit on a book, after paying for paper and production, trade discounts, royalty to author, and overhead expenditures.
• One of the most disorganised aspects of publishing in India is distribution of books. Lack of publicity, unclear knowledge of potential markets, unimaginatively organised bookshops and inadequate national bibliographies or reference material, all contribute to this problem, In India, the middleman, consumes a kige percentage (35-40 per cent) in trade discounts.

Remuneration:

Editor and copy writers are major job position people generally look for in publishing houses. Publishing houses are also looking for software engineers and technical editors. The salary of these professionals is given in the following links:

http://www.naukrihub.com/salary-in-india/publishing-house.html

http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Industry=Publishing/Salary

http://www.payscale.com/research/IN/Industry=Book_Publisher/Salary

Bibliography:

Cite A Website – Cite This For Me.” Minglebox.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

“PUBLISHING | Librarykv1madurai.” Librarykv1madurai.wordpress.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

CAREER IN PUBLISHING – Articles On Higher Education.” https://www.shiksha.com/. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

Publishing Salaries – Publishing Salary Survey – Payscale.” Payscale.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

A radio jockey (RJ) is a person who hosts a radio show, where RJ selects the music to be played out, topic of discussion, by socialising with audiences through interaction like phone calls, SMS, e-mail, etc. Ironically, the term, radio jockey has been derived from the term disc jockey, a person who plays music in the discotheques. However, its still not sure when it first became a rage amongst masses. The term is specifically used in India to be precise. In an era of modernity, the profession of RJ is considered hot and happening and because of the same fact and fragile connection with the target audiences have become common household names. Prominent names being Ameen Sayyani, Shamshir, Karan, Anil Srivastawa and Roshan Abbas, respectively Today, radio jockeys can start working at a fixed perks but the same can get jumps as the businesses in this area is increasing like never before.

The future prospect of a radio jockey is that they can become a voice over artists, lend their voices for commercials, animated shows and movies and dubbed movies and can even go to other countries and host desi shows. Every radio jockey has his own style of communication. To make an indentation in the listener?s heart, apart from a good voice, the Radio Jockey should be tepid, gracious, impulsive, and vibrant and must possess good communication skills. One who is interested in this field must keep on observing how the RJ’s handle the calls, interact with the listeners, how they answer tricky and awkward questions and comments from the listeners etc. Potential candidates must listen a lot to radio, try and come up with ground-breaking ideas and pack their voice with oomph. (Courtesy- webindia123.com).

Though the popularity of radio had suffered badly with the arrival of Television and Internet, the opening of the FM radio to private channels has infused a new life to radio. Radio Jockeying is an exciting, promising and challenging career for those who have a passion for music. It is the only profession in which one may be recognised by their voice.

Radio Jockeys are those who anchor music programmes on radio. The task of a RJ is to entertain the listeners by playing music or conveying messages in a most attractive and sophisticated way. They play requests from listeners, interview guests, manage contests and also provide information on the music, weather and traffic. This is a profession which requires a lot of hard work and presence of mind. It is the performance of these Radio Jockeys that makes or mars the radio station. Mostly youngsters are preferred in this field as they have new ideas, concepts and are bubbling with enthusiasm.

Every successful Radio Jockey has their own style of communicating. To make an imprint in the listeners heart, apart from a good voice, the Radio Jockey should be warm, friendly, spontaneous, dynamic and must possess good communication skills. One who is interested in this field must keep on observing how the RJ’s handle the calls, interact with the listeners, how they answer tricky and awkward questions and comments from the listeners etc. Prospective candidates must listen to a lot of radio, try and come up with innovative ideas and pack their voice with energy.

Personality Traits:

RJ should be diplomatic because they have to speak with different types of people ond on different subjects. They must keep down-to-earth nature and good attitude so that listeners contentedly calls and speaks without any botheration.

Eligibility:

Radio Jockeying is a talent based field. Even though no formal educational qualification is required, a degree or at least plus two is generally a pre requisite. The most essential factor for a Radio Jockey is a good voice with the ability to modulate as per the occasion. Apart from that, an RJ should have a clear diction, accurate pronunciation, flare and fluency in the language. They should be able to control the pitches of their voice and learn to use them to the best effect. Another distinguishing characteristic to become a successful radio jockey is the speed of response, good sense of humour, individuality, and creativity of mind, spontaneity and an intensive knowledge of music. Successful RJs have the ability to twist and turn their speech according to the situation. Staying updated is very important for a radio jockey. An RJ needs to keep track of the happenings in and around the city. People will enjoy listening to an RJ, if they can sound different on the show. Thus, qualities like mimicry, local dialects and comedy or humour items will help the RJ to carry on their shows.

Courses:

1. Certificate Course in Announcing, Broadcasting, Comparing and Dubbing (ABCD)
2. Certificate Course in Radio Jockeying ( CRJ )
3. Certificate Course in Radio Production Programme
4. Diploma in Radio Jockeying ( DRJ )
5. Diploma in Radio Management
6. Diploma in Radio Programming and Management ( DRPM )
7. Diploma in Radio Station Operations and Management
8. Post Graduate Diploma in Radio Programming and Management (PGDRM )

Institutions:

No formal training is required in Radio Jockeying since it is a talented based field. To develop confidence and flare in this field, one needs to have exposure. RJ hunts or talent search are often conducted by FM channels to bring out original unique talent. There are a number of universities and institutes that offer courses in communication and broadcasting and a couple of institutes offering training on how to handle auditions and conduct short term workshops that focus on pronunciation, reading styles, music appreciation and creative thinking. But in the field of Radio Jockeying, only few institutes offer specialized courses and most of them have been started by well known anchors.

Top Institutes Offering Radio Jockeying Course in India:

1. Academy of Radio Management, New Delhi
2. The Mudra Institute of Communications, Ahmedabad (MICA)
3. Alis Academy of Radio and Television, Bhopal
4. Media and Film Institute of India, Andheri (W)Mumbai
5. E.M.D.I. Encompass Institute of Radio Management, Mumbai
6. Alis Academy of Radio and Television, Bhopal
7. Center for Research in Art of Film and Television (CRAFT), New Delhi
8. IRJ Institute of Radio Jockeying, Chandigarh
9. Xaviers Institute of Communication (X.I.C.), Mumbai

Placements & Prospects:

The job of a Radio Jockey is of diversifying nature depending on the subject matter of the program. They do not have a regular 9 to 5 job. They can be called to host or anchor a show anytime of the day or night. Their job profile includes selecting music, scripting and presenting radio shows. The success of the RJ depends the way they present a program as it can increase or decrease the listeners of the show. The way of anchoring should be original and the presentation should be interesting to the listeners, one has to give variations and punch to ones voice wherever necessary. A Radio Jockey should also be able to write scripts for a show and should be aware about the latest movies and songs. As Radio jockeys have to deal with sound equipment and computers, they should be familiar with them. Radio Jockeys can find work in organisations like AIR (All India Radio), Radio Mirchi, Radio City, Radio One, FM Rainbow, Radio Dhamaal, Radio Indigo, Red FM and other independent radio stations. The two options for entering into this field are by audition or by impending to a software producing company. AIR (All India Radio) holds auditions for RJs every 3 months in their radio stations in various cities especially in metros. The selection is highly competitive and the selected RJs are given in-house training for 2 months in everything from CD players to mixers to Digital audio technology etc. The software companies generally prefer people with 2-3 years experience. A few radio software producers in Mumbai are Radio star, Radio Mid-day and Radio Wani. Because of their voice standard, RJ can do voice-overs for television and radio advertisements. They can also lend their voices to audio magazines and documentaries. RJs also can anchor or compeer TV shows or live shows or events.

Challenges:

• RJ’s does not have face. You need be creative with your voice. you need to entertain the people by radio medium. It’s a tough but interesting to visualise your thoughts in listeners mind.
• This is a profession which requires a lot of hard work and presence of mind. It is the performance of these Radio Jockeys that makes or mars the radio station.
• Being successful is not just about becoming so; it also needs to be maintained throughout so that your hearers don’t forget you. So, keeping the quality and standard of your program the same, on a regular basis can be quite a challenge and you are expected to win this head on!Keeping content fresh at all times is a critical task.
• Odd working hours as initially you might have to host shows at 4 am in the morning or at midnight.
• Might feel lonely at times as you have to operate from a small sound-proof room with studio equipments as your companion.

Remuneration:

The demand of radio Jockey has increased in recent past and number of aspirants enrolled themselves to have their career as an RJ. Both beginner and experienced RJ have different salaries. The beginners are capable of taking Rs. 8,000 to Rs 20,000. After few years of experience salary can be raised up to Rs. 50,000 – Rs. 90,000. More the experience, more the earning !

At times many channels organise sponsored programs in which other companies pay the hosts on per show or hourly basis. RJs also get chance to work for Indian Diasporas on foreign radio as broadcasting on the net may provide extravagant pay package to professionals. One can easily earn upto 3,000 per hour.

Salary of RJ at glance:

Particulars

Salary

Beginner – Rs. 8 000 – Rs. 20 000 (per month)

Experience – Rs. 50 000 – Rs. 90 000 (per month)

Per Show Basis – Rs. 2 500 – Rs. 3 000

Per Hour basis – Rs. 2 500 – Rs. 3 000

Bibliography: Radio Jockey, Radio Jockey Career, Radio Jockey Institutes.” Indicareer.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

“Careers In Radio Jockeying/ RJ Career: Career Options | Radio Jockeying/ RJ Careers And Courses In India.” career.webindia123.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

“Role Of A Radio Jockey.” Careerride.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017

dhawan, Rohit. “Radio Jockey Career.” Radiojockeyfever.blogspot.in. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

Speak, RJ. “RJ Speak.” Radiojockeyfever.blogspot.in. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

“Becoming A Successful Radio Jockey – Careesma.In Blog.” Careesma.in Blog. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

Radio Jockeying As A Career | How To Become A Radio Jockey | RJ Career.” Indiaeducation.net. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

Radio Jockey Salary.” Naukri Hub. N.p., 2017. Web. 27 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Options as a Technical Writing ? This section features technical writing as a career options, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

For communicating ideas to the particular reader, technical writing or technical communication is the easy way. Now days, this field is very popular. Technical writer or technical communicator is essential for companies. They are important for the companies for translation or explanation of the technical terms in the understandable language so that common man can also understand the technical words. Technical writers in short, write for the non technological person.

Technical writing or Technical communication is all about communicating an idea to particular readers in an easily understandable way. The field is gaining more importance in this current period of fast technological advancement. Companies need the help of a Technical writer or Technical communication professional, in order to translate or explain the technical usage of their products in simple language so that even a common man who could not understand the technical words and language could figure out the advantages or the operation of their products or services. In short, Technical writers specialise in writing technology for non-technical persons.

A technical writer writes reports that any technically oriented professional / expert/specialist do as part of their regular job. They write ‘how to use’ manuals, project reports, online help files, instruction and installation guides, make graphical presentations and brochures for products of various industries like IT, consumer products, medical , journals etc. A technical writer, who works with an engineer writes engineering and designing information for common people. Usually he or she has to help an user to understand a product and how to use it. For that, one should know the product and understand its technology well although he or she is not an expert in that. A technical writer develops an expertise in a particular technical area for which one is working for, and whatever he writes or says about the field, is termed as technical communication.

A technical writer should have an interest in science and technology. And he should also have researching skill as he has to collect information through books, internet and some times he needs to interview people who are the technological experts in the field. The technical writer should also possess good command over English and should know how to present a matter in an easily understandable manner. A technical writer can find work in various firms such as advertising agencies, IT companies, Newspapers and magazines etc.

If you have good command over English language and confidence that you can understand the technology and simplify the technical language to a user friendly one, then you can choose technical writing as your career. TWIN (Technical Writers of India) and Society for Technical Communication (STC), India are two online services that help Indian technical writers.

The reports are written by the technical writer which is the regular part of job for the technical professional, expert and the specialist. They write about ‘how to use’ project reports, manuals, installation and instruction guides, online help files, make brochures and graphical presentations for various industrial products such as IT, medical, consumer products, journals etc. Those technical writers working with the engineers can write the information regarding engineering and designing for the common people.

Technical writer should have interest in the technology and science. They also have the skill of researching because they have to collect information from the internet, books etc. and have to take interviews of the peoples.

Personality Traits:

For the creative writer, this is a good option and for those who can understand and communicate the technical subjects such that non technical reader can also understand easily. For becoming the technical writer, writing and speaking English language is very necessary. Individual participating in this field have good research and good communication skill since they have to collect information from different mediums such as books, internet, etc. Some of the time they may have to take the interview of those people experts in these fields and create a write up. Design skill is also important for this profession.

Institutes:

If you are looking for only certificates in technical communication, there are choices available for you. For example, Blue Dots Consultancy, Technowrites, Metapercept, and Information Mapping. Some of the organisations in India offer classroom-based and online courses, too. For example, Symbiosis. If I remember, there is a classroom-based, certified course that TWIN runs. You may check for it on their website.

Placements & Prospects:

There is no any formal institution is in India for teaching the technical writing but the opportunities for the job are increases in India. In global market, this job opportunity rises. Those individuals taking career in technical writing may find a job in number of firms such as software developing companies, advertising agencies, and in the newspapers and in the magazines. The technical writers are mostly employed in the IT or computer industries. If anyone does not want to work with the industry, then they can work as writer which are self-employed. Freelancers may get work on contract basis that is for soem periods and then paid within the time.

Indian companies like TCS, Sun Microsystems, Infosys Technologies Ltd, InfoTech etc calls to these writers. Technical writers may also find the jobs through the websites.

Challenges:

• Working with groups outside of your own department to do requirements gathering. Sometimes people do not see the value of documentation or are just busy and it can be hard to get their time and attention.
• As tech writer, you’ll get invited to a lot of meetings for the groups for which you’re writing documentation. You’ll quickly learn which ones provide valuable information and which ones are just a time suck.
• Most office environments have lots of interruptions. Some are job related, but many are people stopping by to chat, people asking you to do a quick review on an email they’ve written because they know you can clean it up, etc. People don’t realise that a lot of technical writing involves trains of thought, and that a one minute interruption can mean it takes five to ten minutes for the writer to get back on track.
• Most tech writers work on several projects at once and its important to keep the information for these projects separate and to make progress on all of your projects.
• Finding the right balance of simple words and technical jargon. While using technical terms and processes adds more credibility to the read, too much of it can turn off a casual reader who’s just there to inquire upon the subject matter, rather than find takeaways from it.

For more details visit page – http://www.freelancewritinggigs.com/2010/03/technical-writing-seven-challenges/

Remuneration:

The average salary for an Entry-Level Technical Writer is Rs 359,125 per year. The skills that increase pay for this job the most are Technical Writing, Windows NT / 2000 / XP Networking, XML, SnagIT, and Adobe Acrobat.

A Senior Technical Writer earns an average salary of Rs 848,978 per year. People in this job generally don’t have more than 20 years’ experience. Experience strongly influences pay for this job. Skills that are associated with high pay for this job are Madcap Flare and DITA.

The average pay for a Technical Writer is Rs 466,967 per year. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 10 years in this career. Experience strongly influences income for this job. The highest paying skills associated with this job are XML, Technical Writing, Adobe Acrobat, SnagIT, and Adobe Photoshop.

Bibliography:-“CAREER IN TECHNICAL WRITING.” The World School. N.p., 2017. Web. 26 Sept. 2017.

N.p., 2017. Web. 26 Sept. 2017.

Careers In Technical Writing: Career Options | Technical Writing Career And Courses In India.” career.webindia123.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 26 Sept. 2017.

“Careers In Technical Writing: Career Options | Technical Writing Career And Courses In India.” career.webindia123.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 26 Sept. 2017.

N.p., 2017. Web. 26 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Options in the Field of Telecommunication ? This section features Telecommunication as a career options, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects.

Telecommunication courses offer education to students on various telecommunication devices such as cable TV. Mobile phones, computer networking, radar, satellite, aviation, navigation, etc. In the today’s age of internet, satellite and mobile telephony, there is large need of telecommunication engineers.

Personality Traits:

A telecommunication engineer should have a sound knowledge of both computer software and hardware. Additionally he/she should be adept in technical writing, public speech and project management.

Benefits:

The courses of telecommunication train students in how to design, troubleshoot, install and network. It put special prominence on both software and hardware as well as on wireless communication, mobile telephony, GSM architecture, internet protocol media system, CDMA, GPRS network, symbian operating system, voice over internet protocol, designing of optical networks, understanding and designing data network, etc. Also you can acquire the knowledge and skill of project management from various projects offered by telecommunication companies.

Institutes:

• SRM University
• Amity Institute of Telecom Engineering and Management
• PlanEdu
• Institute of Management & Technical Studies
• Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering

For more details visit page – https://targetstudy.com/colleges/be-telecommunication-engineering-degree-colleges-in-india.html

Placements & Prospects:

Telecommunication degree offers a wide range of opportunities for you. Openings for the posts of Telecom Test Engineers in the area of:

• Embedded Software Development
• Analog Digital Engineering Technology
• Telecom Marketing, Protocol
• Chip Design Engineering
• Network systems and data communications analysts
• Telephone operators
• Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers
• Line installers and repairers
• Electrical and electronic engineering technicians
• VLSI software Testing

Also you can get job as Network Management Specialists, Network Security Specialists and Software Engineers in Indian companies like BSNL, VSNL, Tata Indicom, and Reliance.

Challenges:

• • Capacity to provide scale of services – It is important that the service provider has the capability and the capacity to service large number of cell areas.
  • Become efficient and cost-effective – It is imperative that service providers run their businesses efficiently and deliver cost savings to their customers.

Remuneration:

A Telecommunications Engineer earns an average salary of Rs 367,742 per year. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 10 years in this career. Experience strongly influences pay for this job. The highest paying skills associated with this job are Network Management / Administration and UNIX.

For fresher it varies from 8k to 15k. It also depends on knowledge. If you are selected as a college placement, then salary would be more. telecom sector is good and has more competition. After experience you can get more salary depends on your performance. You can also switch the company for better pay.

Bibliography:

“Telecommunications Engineer.” mapmytalent.in. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

“Telecommunications Engineer Salary (India).” Payscale.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Options as a video editing ? This section features video editing as a career options, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects. 

For the creative people in entertainment industry and media, the video editing is very exciting career. The editing technique contains art making, aesthetic in the visual media, etc. Video editing is one of the process in which segments of videos are modified or rearranged from many video tapes for forming the advanced and final video. In post production process, video editing plays very important role. The task of video shooting is to edit film, soundtrack and video for the motioning the picture, cable and the broadcasting the media industries. Skill of video editor decides the quality and delivery of product. 

Video Editing, is an interesting career for creative people in the media and entertainment industry. The entire process of making art, aesthetic in the visual media, lies in the technique of editing. Video editing is the process of re-arranging or modifying segments of video from one or more video tapes to form a refined and final piece of video. Video editing plays a key role in the post production process. The main task of the video editor is to edit soundtracks, film and video for the motion picture, cable and broadcast visual media industries. It is the video editors skill that determines the quality and delivery of the final product. 

Video Editing is classified as Linear Editing (Tape to tape), and Non-linear editing or Digital Video Editing. Digital video editing uses computer technology to enable the editing process onscreen. Linear editing involves copying just the required portions of a film from one tape to another. Any changes or additions needed could be made only by copying the edited content onto another tape, causing undesirable degradation of images. In Non- linear editing, video and audio data are first captured to hard disks or any other digital storage device and then edited on the computer using any of the wide range of software’s available for editing. Here data can be edited and subsequent changes made without duplicating the actual film data. It is quicker, less expensive, more flexible and saves time and money when compared to the traditional way of editing. Due to all these features and the introduction of new technologies in digital video editing, it is fast replacing the traditional or linear editing. 

Video editors are in great demand with the advent of streaming videos and movie clips in websites. As this field is becoming highly competitive, video editors can expect keen competition for job openings. The increased popularity of online video clips has also produced a large increase in video editing activity by internet users.

Linear editing and non-linear or digital video editing are the types of Video Editing. For enabling the editing processes on screen, computer technology is used in digital video editing. Just copy the portion of film from one tape to another tape in linear editing. The changes or additions which are required are made just by copying the content which are edited on the another tape which causes unwanted degradation of the images. In case of non-linear editing, audio or video data are firstly captured on the hard disk or any digital device and after that they are edited on the computer using any software’s obtainable for editing. 

In video editing, data can be edited without duplicating the actual film. As compared with other editing techniques, this technique is less expensive, quicker, time saving, very flexible and money saving.

Now days video editors have great demand with the beginning of streaming the movie or video clips in the websites. This field is very competitive; editors may expect eager competition for the job opening. For the internet users, popularity of online video clips is increased and also produces the video editing activities. 

Personality Traits:   

Video editor has the qualities such as self motivation, dedication to work and commitment to the work. The main factor of the successful video editor is creativity. They required keen eye for the detail, ability to listen others, a critical mind, and also have ability to perform in a team. Technical and imagination skills are very necessary. They also have the knowledge of digital and simple camera technology. Video editors must update their knowledge as advanced technologies made up day by day. 

Eligibility & Course Areas:

The field of video editing is open to all and there is no formal educational qualification required. To pursue a career in Digital video editing, one must have training in the computer systems and programs used in digital video editing. For doing specialised courses in reputed institutes, candidates must possess the qualification prescribed by the respective institutes/ colleges.  Digital video editors often have a bachelor’s or master’s degree in animation or media arts. 

A course in video editing will help the candidates to understand and learn the overall concept of editing and the way they relate to each other. The candidates are prepared through systematic training, to handle the ever-changing tools used within the process of video editing. They are trained to work with professional grade linear and non-linear editing equipment. Theoretical instructions, practical exercises and the post-production work of television programmes have been designed to impart knowledge and skills adequate measure. The basics of video editing remains unchanged no matter which equipment is used. 

Video editors usually acquire their skills through on-the-job training or formal training at various institutes. However, experience is the best training in this field. In addition, they must be able to demonstrate their skill with appropriate editing software packages. 

Digital video editing uses video editing software’s from very basic applications such as Windows Movie Maker to professional packages such as Final Cut Pro, ULead MediaStudio, Avid’s Media Composer, Xpress Pro, Adobe Premiere etc. Good editing software is expensive and often requires a high-priced computer to run effectively. Editing software controls the capturing (recording) of the footage, provides a way to edit the footage, and allows the finished product to be output to a recording device.

Institutes: Visit page – http://www.htcampus.com/media-journalism/audio-video-editing-courses-in-india/

Placements & Prospects:   

Video editing is open to all. For entering in this field, no any particular qualification is necessary. But for getting good job, one of video editing course should be complete, such as Diploma in video editing. Non-linear editing courses are diploma in sound recording and video editing. Certification courses are Post Graduate Diploma in the Post Production, Diploma in the Film Editing etc. These courses are useful for the students for getting knowledge of editing.

Challenges:

• The accessibility of good quality, yet affordable, video editing software and equipment has meant that even small agencies can keep up with the big league. 

• As an editor, it’s your goal to determine the hook and to execute the idea in a way that is original yet stays true to the brand. Anyone familiar with video player platforms and free gaming will be very aware of the ‘skip’ button that becomes clickable after five seconds on most adverts. Therefore, hooking the viewer has become even more of a fine art, and it’s now crucial that the video editor gets it right.

Remuneration:

The average pay for a Film / Video Editor is Rs 278,959 per year. For the first five to ten years in this position, pay increases steeply, but any additional experience does not have a big effect on pay. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 10 years in this career.

Monthly salary of an experienced video editor is between Rs. 37,500 – Rs. 85,000 and a fresher gets between Rs. 8,000 – Rs. 18,000. This profession is rapidly growing and the demand among youth to pursue this profession has increased in all these years. The scope of video editing is really wide and has a great future ahead. The key to become an editor is to gain as much knowledge as one can.

Salary of Video Editor:

Particulars

Annual Salary

Film/Video Editor – Rs. 1.2 Lakh – Rs. 9 Lakh

Senior Video Editor – Rs. 4.5 Lakh – Rs. 10.5 Lakh

Junior Video editor/Fresher – Rs. 1 lakh – Rs. 2.2 Lakh

Bibliography: 

Gujarat Helpline – Career Option – Video Editing.” Gujarathelpline.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

“Educational Qualification Required For Studying Video Editing| Video Editing Career And Courses In India.” career.webindia123.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

“Film / Video Editor Salary (India).” Payscale.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Looking for a Career Options in the Field of Video Jockey ? This section features Video Jockey as a career options, elaborated with reference to the job profile, personality traits required, the courses and training involved, premier institutions and future prospects. 

With the advent of various music channels on TV, Video jockeying is becoming an exciting career option for the music crazy generation. The main job of the VJ is to introduce music videos and host music related shows on Television. But as competition increases, music channels are on the trend of  incorporating many diverse shows to attract the public, especially the youth. So the VJ’s area of work involves apart from introducing videos; hosting game to travel shows to youth forums, chatting with the public, doing interviews with artists and music celebrities etc. In short, they act as intermediary figures between the audience and the musicians or music videos. 

Video Jockey is a profession that calls out to a person. Stories of the hardships and struggles an acting career entails can never dampen the enthusiasm of the true actor. Such a person has to be in front of an audience and just can not be happy doing anything else. Video Jockey is not just an intensely competitive field; it is the profession in which the demand is really in significant in proportion to the supply. Luck of all kinds plays a major role in establishing a person in this profession. To be known to the right agent/producer/director/talent scout at the right time under favorable circumstances is as important as being talented. 

It may also involve off- camera work like deciding on the theme and choosing the songs to suit the theme of the show, participating in promotionals like road shows, attending theme parties and with experience, even writing script for the show at times. 

VJs must constantly keep up-to-date on the latest trends in music, all the latest videos and information about music stars and other celebrities. In that sense, they take upon a more journalistic role. They also should have a well-rounded knowledge of all types of music and also should be informed about a bit of everything from films to politics to travel whatever the theme the show demands. Some of them specialize in a particular area or genre of music. They must be able to answer any queries about music and must fulfill their roles as experts. Vj’s interact with the viewers through telephone, e-mail or fax.

Jockeying generally involves three areas and as such Jockeys are called a Video Jockey (VJ), Radio Jockey (RJ) and Disc Jockey (DJ). They all deal with music but while VJ’s present shows on TV, RJ’s do it on Radio and DJ’s in live shows in clubs, restaurants, Music stores etc.

Personality Traits:   

The essential attributes are processed by the VJs are given below:

• Willingness to work erratic hours 

• Possess excellent communication skills 

• Have a sense of humor 

• Knowledge of and interest in music 

• Possess good diction 

• Excellent command over English, Hindi and a regional language 

• Have positive body language 

Eligibility:

No specific educational background or formal training is required to be a VJ, except some personal attributes. However a background in mass communication, visual communication or the performing arts comes in handy. 

An interest and love for music is an essential aspect. Along with that, excellent body language and dress sense, a pleasant voice, good command over the required language depending on the medium, presence of mind and a good knowledge of music anyone can aspire to be a VJ. One has to get to know about the various styles of music, musicians and albums. With the changing trends one also needs to be well informed generally on topics like politics, travel and what is new. 

Command over language is important as video jockey needs to talk a lot. Some amount of voice training would definitely help as VJs need a voice that’s clear, pleasant and strong.  

He should be able to take split second decisions, answer promptly, be energetic and have a wonderful sense of humour to make the show interesting. He may also need to work erratic hours and travel extensively.

Courses/Training:   

Courses in Video Jockey are given below: 

• BS Communication 

• BA with Journalism 

• Postgraduate Courses 

• MA in Media Communication and Management 

• Master of Communication Studies 

• MA Mass Communication 

• Diploma in Communication and Media Development 

• Diploma in Fundamental and Audiovisual Education 

• Course in TV Reporting, Presentation and Production 

Institutes:

• Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC)

• Mass Communication Research Centre (MCRC)

• Asian Academy of Film & Television

• Amity School of Communications, New Delhi

• Wigan & Leigh College, New Delhi

• Sardar Patel College of Communication & Management, New Delhi

• University of Delhi

• Academy 18 networks Ltd.

• EMPI Institute of Advertising & Communication

• YMCA Centre for Mass Media

• South Delhi Polytechnic for Women

• Sir Aurobindo Institute Of Mass Communication

• International Institute of Mass Media

• Institute of Mass Communication, Manipal

Job Prospects & Career Options:

VJs are mainly employed by Music channels, Producers of music shows and film based programmes. 

Besides popular prospective employers like MTV, Channel V, B4U music, MCM Asia etc, there are many number of channels including regional ones who are in demand of VJ’s.  

But it is not easy to get a break in the field. You may be employed on a contract basis per show or on a full time basis. There will be paper adds calling VJ’s or VJ hunts advertised on TV. The selection will be tough, which may include a test on paper, on voice modulation or facing the camera. Your screen presence, physique and voice, and ability to stand out in the crowd will go a long way in being selected. 

Once you are selected, there is no such thing as hierarchy in this profession.  Beginners with talent may get to handle their own shows within the first 6 months. It mainly depends on your ability. Besides the excellent pay, you get to host shows in the country or abroad, meet celebrities, and be on the glam walk of life. Keeping up the popularity for long is not easy and as such this profession is a short lived one. The rule is make hay while it lasts. But the profession gives you ample scope to diversify to various fields such as Modelling, Theatre (direction/acting), Film (acting), Music videos (directing/acting/choreography), Anchoring, News casting, PR etc. that generally VJ’s do. The more popular you get through veejaying the more the choices you may have.

Challenges: 

• One need to be an outgoing/talkative person. It important that you have social skills, are able to talk effortlessly and comfortable with people.

• The life style will become random. VJs work whenever they have shows so nights and weekends are always busy.

• VJs might be just background at shows. They are not the main performance at the show.

• The selection process are tough at times which may include a test on paper, on voice modulation or facing the camera.

• Fluency in Hindi and English. A superior verbal skill helps maintain a fluid show.

• VJ should have an overall groomed personality with right measure of confidence; you are appealing and your networking abilities are strong. It is extremely important that a VJ finds comfort in his/her own skin in front of the camera.

Remuneration:

With many radio and TV channels, candidates willing to pursue this as a career will find number of options. The salary of a RJ varies from city to city and also depends on the Radio Station one is working for. The starting salary of a RJ in Tier 3 cities can be anywhere between Rs 7,000 to Rs 20,000 per month while for a VJ it is Rs 15,000 to Rs 20,000.

Further, in Tier 2 cities the salary of a RJ may range between Rs 20,000 to Rs Rs 45,000 and in Tier 1 cities may be around Rs 45,000 and above.

Bibliography: 

“Video Jockey, Career In Video Jockey, Video Jockey Institutes.” Indicareer.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

 “CAREER IN VIDEO JOCKEY.” The World School. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Gujarat Helpline – Career Option – Video Jockey.” Gujarathelpline.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

“Job Prospects And Career Option In Video Jockeying| Video Jockeying Career And Courses In India.” career.webindia123.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Introduction:

Web designing is an integral and significant part of the IT industry. Today, it is a promising career option. Web design services are being applied in almost every walk of life be it industries, business, education both in private and public sectors. In this era, most of the organisations already have their own websites and many more feel it essential to host websites and make their presence felt in the World Wide Web. There are even companies that have their own in house web team as a professionally designed web site has become as necessary as that of an accounting department. This has increased the demand for web designing professionals. 

Web design is a design field concerned with designing web pages, websites and web applications. Web Designing is the process by which web designer make visitors able to access the web pages at one platform with several images, texts, links, graphics etc. Web design is used as a general term to describe any of the various tasks involved in creating a web page. More specifically, it refers to jobs focused on building the front-end of a web page. Web designing has now become one of the most popular ways of creating attractive web sites as it can give the most appealing layout to any web site thereby adding to its popularity.

In the present fast paced world of web related product promotion services, many firms put their trust on web designers to make websites as accessible and appealing as possible, to promote their business. In this sense, Web designing is a medium used by companies to promote their business and corporate agencies to market several products to the customers.

A Web Designer is a person that creates and arranges the pages that make up a website. Web designers are responsible for creating the look and feel of World Wide Web pages for a client’s Web site by designing the layout, the colors, the fonts, and all the visual aspects of the site. Web Designers often have to balance how a page looks versus how a web page functions. Web designers must have an understanding of software functionality as well as graphic design skills to create successful Web pages. Web design services broadly include need analysis, solution designing, web content writing, web content planning, product photography, graphic designing, designing Flash, HTML coding and Java scripting. Many web designers concentrate mainly on designing software’s or editors and leave the coding part to the programmers. Even if you plan on using designing software’s for most of your career, knowing HTML will give you an understanding of the basis of a web page and that will in turn help to make your design more effective.

To create a website is like creating a master piece of art that has all the aesthetics, attractive appeal along with the commercial viability. The role of a web designer is very much important in website development as designing makes the web pages more attracting and user friendly. The look and feel of a website makes quite an impact on the viewers. Accessibility is just as important as data. Web designing is also considered to be a form of art where the website designers try to make the websites more visually appealing as well as make the navigation through the website i.e how a visitor get around from one page to another on a Web site, a hassle free task. Web designing is a sort of marketing tool, in the sense that product or services are made known to public and even online deals can be made.

Eligibility:

Educational

A candidate can  opt for a career as a web designer after 10 +2 and degree, followed by an additional diploma course in web designing. To be a web designer you need to learn about the web and various associated program languages like the HTML, ASP or PHP. An updated knowledge on designing software’s or HTML editors is a must. You should know popular software’s like Dream weaver, Photoshop, Flash and many others. Knowledge in coding, and scripting in Java / Flash, CSS style sheet etc for styling web pages in browsers gives you an edge in the field of designing. A degree in computer science is also an added advantage for those in this field. 

There are several computer training centres offering diploma and short term certificate courses in this field. The courses will give an idea on the elements and principles of design, how to use colours and fonts effectively, about the layout or organisation of elements in a web page, using graphics and images, easy navigation techniques, accessibility of the webpage to as may users as possible and the knowledge for using various designing software’s.

Personal Attributes:

Web designers need to have technical know-how and artistic talent. They should be able to originate and conceptualise new ideas. 

Web designing requires a set of skills like good design sense, computer proficiency, familiarity in various programming languages such as HTML, CSS, knowledge of emerging web technologies, aptitude for graphic designing etc. Inter personal communication skills is a must as they have to work closely with a team or with clients and design the page according to the taste or requirement of the client.

Institutes:

Please visit this page for detailed list of institutes:

http://www.htcampus.com/animation-multimedia-web-design/web-design-development-colleges-in-india/

Job Prospects & Career Options:

With the booming IT industry, web designing has a wide scope in India and abroad. One of the biggest advantage of choosing web design career is that the demand for websites is not expected to come down any time in the near future, and the percentage of individuals using the internet is increasing day by day. 

Careers in web designing can be the right option for those having a sense of design or creativity. Web Designers are of great demand in IT, software and web hosting companies. A web designer can be absorbed in different fields such as advertising agencies, publishing houses, audio-visual media agencies, design studios, printers and typesetters, manufacturers and department stores, marketing firms, exhibits and displays and educational institutes, libraries and anyone who has a website. Many well established web designers work on a freelance basis, designing web sites for smaller companies. The growth is dependent on experience and creativity.  

Designers may have to work for long hours in order to meet deadlines. Some travel may be required to meet clients and discuss website specifications and requirements. Web designers must be up to date with the changing web technologies, designing software’s, develop new ideas and respond quickly to changing needs. With websites becoming more interactive and visually more appealing, the job is becoming more challenging day by day.

Challenges:

• Standing out from the pack – With potential clients having so many quality options to choose from when picking a web designer/design firm, independent developers are faced with the critical need to differentiate themselves in order to win new business.

• Time spent detecting the source of a problem means a delay in tackling the problem itself which can upset the client.

• Safeguarding website against malware, hackers and delusion.

• To make sure that the experience is consistently good throughout

Remuneration:

Salaries for web designers vary upon their level of responsibility, experience and training and the industry, firm size and location in which they work.

A Web Designer earns an average salary of Rs 233,558 per year. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 10 years in this field. Experience strongly influences income for this job.

The average salary for a Web Designer & Developer is Rs 284,663 per year. Skills that are associated with high pay for this job are e-Commerce and Web Development. People in this job generally don’t have more than 10 years’ experience. Experience strongly influences income for this job.

For more details visit page – http://www.naukrihub.com/salary-in-india/web-designer.html

Bibliography: 

Careers In Web Designing: Career Options | Web Designing Career And Courses In India.” career.webindia123.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

Dasgupta, Sushmita. “Career In Web Designing – Career.” Successcds.net. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.

 “Web Designer Careers In Hyderabad (Prospects) | Technology.” Tec.net.in. N.p., 2017. Web. 25 Sept. 2017.